Overview

Yoga is a traditional system of lifestyle which has its roots in Indian philosophy and had goals of spiritual attainment. Today it is practiced for physical and mental well-being. In this context, yoga is mostly associated with physical postures, breath control and meditation. Of the eight limbs of the age-old art of right living; Yama, Niyama, Asanas, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi, the three; Asana, Pranayama and Dhyana are the emblem of modern yoga. The teachings and research in yoga are predominantly centered on these three fold practice of yoga. Modern yoga has undergone variations suiting the temperament and physical needs of the practitioners. There are 43 identified variations or schools of Yoga. Some of them are HathaYoga, Iyengar Yoga, Integrated Yoga Approach, Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, Nidra Yogasana, Viniyoga Yoga, Sahaja Yoga, Ashtanga Yoga, Yoga-based lifestyle modification, Silver Yoga, Kundalini Yoga, Yoga of Awareness, Vinyasa Yoga, Restorative Yoga, Kripalu Yoga, Dru Yoga, Chair Yoga, Bikram Yoga. As a result of expanding off shoots of classic yoga, borders between yoga and other similar practices are blurred. For example Transcendental meditation is usually seen as distinct from yoga, but is actually based on yoga principles. In the same way, mindfulness-based stress reduction uses yoga postures, but is not commonly seen as a yoga intervention (Cramer et al, 2014). Hence, modern yoga is an umbrella term used for the several variations each having its own distinct emphasis regarding the relative content of physical postures and exercises (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), deep relaxation, and meditation practices.

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