Overview

The mammary gland is located on the anterior chest wall between the ribs. On the medial side it is adjacent to or partially covers the sternum, outside it closes and reaches the edge of the pectoralis major muscle anterior axillary line. The body of the gland is in the form of a convex disk with an irregular surface, on the front side of which there are bumps and depressions filled with fatty tissue. The smoother posterior surface limits the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle but the edges of the disc are also irregular some times forming ridges most often towards the axilla. The parenchyma of the mammary gland is represented by complex alveolar tubular glands collected in small lobes, from which large lobes are formed. The size of the milk lobes varies from 1-2 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide (small mammary glands) to 5-6 cm long and 3-4 cm wide (large glands). The number of lobes in the gland varies between 6-8 and 20-24. Each lobe has a milk excretory duct. Some channels may coalesce before exiting the surface of the nipple so the number of holes in the nipple can vary between 12 and 20. Parenchyma lobes can be placed separately masses and are therefore considered additional or abnormal. These lobes may be located in the axillary tissue, less often in the subclavian region or anterior to the sternum. The lobes are arranged radially towards the nipple and overlapping layers. Most of the glandular tissue is found in the posterior parts of the mammary gland and along its periphery with milk ducts predominant in the middle. The gland parenchyma is surrounded by a connective tissue sac, It is formed by the stratification of the superficial thoracic fascia, which covers the anterior part of the pectoralis major and dentate muscles. Under the anterior layer of the divided superficial fascia there is a large amount of adipose tissue, which surrounds the mammary gland from the outside and penetrates between its lobes Between the posterior surface of the gland and the fascia covering the pectoralis major muscle there are loose connective tissue and adipose tissue fibers that provide mobility mammary gland. In the fascial state the connective tissues and septa extend deeply, permeating the entire glandular tissue and forming its soft skeleton where in addition to coarse connective tissue there are adipose tissue, milk ducts, blood vessels and lymphatics and nerves they found it. Between the glandular lobes of the parenchyma there is a more delicate and loose connective tissue, devoid of adipose tissue. The intralobular septa continue anteriorly in numerous forms beyond the fascial sheath of the gland into the deep layers of the ski

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