Overview

Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) defines sympathy as a series of shifts in perspective by which one sees from a different point of view. British and French novels published over the following century redefine sympathy through narrative form--shifting perspectives or 'stories within stories' in which one character adopts the voice and perspective of another. Fiction follows Smith's emphasis on sympathy's shifting perspectives, but this formal echo coincides with a challenge. For Smith and other Enlightenment philosophers, the experience of sympathy relies on human resemblance. In novels, by contrast, characters who are separated by nationality, race, or species experience a version of sympathy that struggles to accommodate such differences. Encounters between these characters produce shifts in perspective or framed tales as one character sympathizes with another and begins to tell her story, echoing Smith's definition of sympathy in their form while challenging Enlightenment philosophy's insistence on human resemblance. Works of sentimental and gothic fiction published between 1750 and 1850 generate a novelistic version of sympathy by manipulating traditional narrative forms (epistolary fiction, embedded tales) and new publication practices (the anthology, the novelistic extract). Second-hand stories transform the vocal mobility, emotional immediacy, and multiple perspectives associated with the declining genre of epistolary fiction into the narrative levels and shifting speakers of nineteenth-century frame tales. Vicarious Narratives argues that fiction redefines sympathy as the struggle to overcome difference through the active engagement with narrative--by listening to, re-telling, and transcribing the stories of others.

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9780198846697

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What Britton has accomplished is compelling if taken on its own terms. For readers attuned to political consequence yet a bit weary of the symptomatic reading, a refocusing of our attention on form is refreshing, especially in a study that teases out at a deep structural level the interconnected logics of literary form and sympathy as both philosophical notion and cultural good... Any scholar interested in the long Romantic century should pick up this insightful and original book. * Stephen Ahern, Eighteenth-Century Fiction *

Author Information

Jeanne Britton is a Curator in the Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections at the University of South Carolina, where she teaches literature courses that incorporate original print materials. Her interests include the novel, histories and theories of the emotions, the history of science, and book history.

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