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This is the fascinating story of the development of Standard Model of particle physics between Dirac's prediction of the positron in 1928 and the introduction of the six-quark model in 1973, as described in the primary sources. The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces in the universe (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions - excluding gravity), and classifying all known elementary particles. Although the Standard Model has demonstrated some success in providing experimental predictions, it leaves some physical phenomena unexplained and so falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions. This analysis of the failures of the Standard Model suggest that they stem from the attempt to base it on relativistic quantum field theory and make it Lorentz covariant, and the reliance on renormalization to remove infinities and bring theoretical values in line with experimental ones. Part I describes the development of the Standard Model from the Bohr model of the atom in 1913, based on what were believed to be 3 stable particles, electrons in orbit around a nucleus comprised of protons and neutrons, to its emergence in 1973 as the six-quark model, comprising 52 elementary particles and anti-particles, of which only the electron is believed to be stable. Part II introduces an alternative, Supersymmetry; and Part III introduces, String Theory, neither of which fare any better.

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Trevor Underwood was born in England in 1943, and became a US citizen in 2004. He earned a M.A. in mathematics and physics at Cambridge University, in 1965, and a M.Sc. in economics at the London School of Economics in 1967, followed by further graduate studies in international economics at the University of Rochester, NY, and at Harvard University, between 1967 and 1969. He worked for the Bank of England, the International Monetary Fund, and the UK Treasury and was a UK Advisor to the Committee of Twenty on Reform of the International Monetary System, between 1969 and 1973. He founded a treasury consultancy business in 1974 and a treasury software company in 1976, which he continued to run until 2017. In 2008 he returned to scientific research, initially on human evolution. In November 2015, he published a paper ""A new model of human dispersal"" on bioRxiv.org, the online preprint archive for biology run by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Between December 2015 and November 2019, he worked on climate science, during which time he wrote six climate science papers. In November 2019, these were published in a book ""The Surface Temperature of the Earth"", distributed by Lulu.com. He then returned to theoretical physics to review progress since he left Cambridge in 1965, in particular on electromagnetic radiation, matter and gravity. In December 2021, he published a spin-off from this research, ""Urbain Le Verrier on the Movement of Mercury - annotated translations"", distributed by Lulu.com. In April 2023, he published ""Quantum Electrodynamics - annotated sources. Volumes I and II""; in June 2023, ""Special Relativity""; in November 2023, ""General Relativity"", in March 2024, ""Gravity"", in May 2024, ""Electricity & Magnetism"", in July 2024, ""Quantum Entanglement"", and in September 2024, ""The Standard Model"", all distributed by Lulu.com.

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