Overview

Modern democracy resembles a great stained-glass workshop where fragile pieces of colored glass-individual wills-attempt to compose a harmonious window under the constant fire of public debate. Each fragment is inscribed with a distinct vision of the common good, and the art of government consists of holding them together without the heat of political passions shattering them. This chapter explores that delicate balance between the freedom that fragments and the consensus that unites, between the 'I' that claims its rights and the 'we' that builds citizenship. Like a river that bifurcates and rejoins, democratic thought flows between two seemingly opposite banks. On one side, the Schmittian vision of politics as a terrain of existential decisions, where cultural homogeneity acts as a dike against social dissolution. On the other, the Lefortian perspective that celebrates democracy precisely for its capacity to harbor heterogeneity, for that ""empty place"" of power that no one can definitively occupy. Between these two extremes extends the vast territory of liberal institutions-those containment dikes that allow social conflict to flow without overflowing. The 21st century has turned this theoretical debate into a matter of practical urgency. Our societies, increasingly diverse and less patient, resemble polyphonic choirs where each voice sings its score while the conductor-that symbolic power-attempts to maintain harmony. Social networks act as echo chambers that amplify both legitimate demands and cries of hatred. Populisms of left and right, like impatient tailors, promise new dresses sewn with the thread of exclusive identities. In this complex landscape, democracy persists not as a perfect solution, but as the least imperfect of systems. Like a ship navigating among icebergs-the dogmatisms of all kinds-its survival depends on accepting that conflict is not its enemy, but its lifeblood. The pages that follow offer no recipes, but maps to navigate these turbulent waters. Because understanding democracy, in the end, is understanding that daily miracle which allows millions of strangers to decide together without ceasing to be masters of their own destiny.

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