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OverviewThe hydrological cycle of the Arctic Ocean has intimate and complex linkages to global climate: changes in one affect the other, usually with a feedback. The combined effects of large river runoff, advection of meteoric water, low evaporation rates and distillation by freezing contribute to the formation of a strong halocline in the upper Arctic ocean, which limits thermal communication between the sea ice and the warmer waters of Atlantic origin below. Sea ice and freshened surface waters are transported from the marginal seas by winds and currents, ultimately exiting the Arctic Ocean through Fram and Davis Straits. Variations in the freshwater outflow from these regions affect the density structure of the Arctic Ocean itself and so the surface heat balance. Another feedback is the effect these variations have on the density profile of the water column in the Greenland and Labrador seas where, at present, convection takes place mixing surface waters downwards with those at greater depth. This downward convective motion produces dense deep waters that flow outwards from these two centres and affect the entire North Atlantic. Such deep outflows must be replaced by inward flowing waters at lesser depths. One such inward flow is the so-called North Atlantic Drift, which brings warm surface water to Northern Europe from the Gulf of Mexico. It is possible that enhanced outflow of fresher waters from the Arctic ocean may diminish this heat source. Year by year the accumulated observational evidence from diverse sources makes predictions of global climatic effects associated with changes in the freshwater flux out of the Arctic Ocean more likely to be true and gives a time scale to these potential effects. They may have very significant consequences for present human populations. Full Product DetailsAuthor: Edward Lyn Lewis , E. Peter Jones , Peter Lemke , Terry D. ProwsePublisher: Springer Imprint: Springer Edition: Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2000 Volume: 70 Dimensions: Width: 16.00cm , Height: 3.60cm , Length: 24.00cm Weight: 1.085kg ISBN: 9780792364405ISBN 10: 0792364406 Pages: 623 Publication Date: 31 May 2000 Audience: College/higher education , Professional and scholarly , Undergraduate , Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly Format: Paperback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: Out of stock  The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available. Table of Contents1. Oceanic freshwater fluxes in the climate system.- 2. Global atmospheric circulation patterns and relationships to Arctic freshwater fluxes.- 3. Atmospheric components of the Arctic Ocean freshwater balance and their interannual variability.- 4. Hydroclimatology of the Arctic drainage basin.- 5. The Arctic Ocean’s freshwater budget: sources, storage and export.- 6. The Arctic ocean freshwater budget of a climate General Circulation Model.- 7. Atmospheric components of the Arctic Ocean hydrologic budget assessed from Rawinsonde data.- 8. Reanalyses depictions of the Arctic atmospheric moisture budget.- 9. Moisture transport to Arctic drainage basins relating to significant precipitation events and cyclogenesis.- 10. Atmospheric climate models: simulation of the Arctic Ocean fresh water budget components.- 11. Discharge observation networks in Arctic regions: computation of the river runoff into the Arctic Ocean, its seasonality and variability.- 12. Arctic river flow: a review of contributing areas.- 13. The dynamics of river water inflow to the Arctic Ocean.- 14. River input of water, sediment, major ions, nutrients and trace metals from Russian territory to the Arctic Ocean.- 15. The dispersion of Siberian river flows into coastal waters: meteorological, hydrological and hydrochemical aspects.- 16. The variable climate of the Mackenzie River basin: its water cycle and fresh water discharge.- 17. Arctic estuaries and ice: a positive-negative estuarine couple.- 18. Satellite views of the Arctic Ocean freshwater balance.- 19. Tracer studies of the Arctic freshwater budget.- 20. Exchanges of freshwater through the shallow straits of the North American Arctic.- 21. The transformations of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean and their significance for the freshwaterbudget.- 22. Modelling the variability of exchanges between the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic seas.- 23. Sea ice growth, melt and modeling: a survey.- 24. Fresh water freezing/melting cycle in the Arctic Ocean.- Colour Plates.ReviewsAuthor InformationTab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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