Overview

This compelling account reveals how a battle over the sea shaped a community, an industry, and a legacy. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Florida sponge industry was booming--its waters attracting skilled Bahamian, Cuban, and Greek spongers to harvest the Gulf Coast's natural treasure. From the shallow waters of Key West, where spongers used glass-bottom buckets and long hooks, to the deep ocean dives of Tarpon Springs with heavy helmet suits, the quest for sponges created wealth, opportunity, and fierce competition. When Greek divers introduced advanced deep-water techniques in 1905, Tarpon Springs quickly dominated the market, igniting tensions with Key West spongers over control of the lucrative trade. These escalating disputes--marked by sabotage, threats, and violent confrontations--became known as the Florida Sponge War. Historian Rina Bousalis chronicles this overlooked but pivotal conflict in Florida's history. Through a vivid, chronological narrative enriched with rare photographs and archival documents, she traces the industry's rise, the cultural clashes, and the ultimate decline with the advent of the synthetic sponge.

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9781467171311

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Rina Bousalis, PhD, is an associate professor of social studies education in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. She was previously a high school social studies teacher and an elementary school teacher. Her research interests include U.S. history, immigration, multiculturalism, and citizenship education. She has coauthored a book, authored chapters for books, and written articles for professional journals.

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