Overview

The rise of China, along with problems of governance in democratic countries, has reinvigorated the theory of political meritocracy. But what is the theory of political meritocracy and how can it set standards for evaluating political progress (and regress)? To help answer these questions, this volume gathers a series of commissioned research papers from an interdisciplinary group of leading philosophers, historians and social scientists. The result is the first book in decades to examine the rise (or revival) of political meritocracy and what it will mean for political developments in China and the rest of the world. Despite its limitations, meritocracy has contributed much to human flourishing in East Asia and beyond and will continue to do so in the future. This book is essential reading for those who wish to further the debate and perhaps even help to implement desirable forms of political change.

Full Product Details

Author:   Daniel A. Bell (Tsinghua University, Beijing) ,  Chenyang Li (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
Publisher:   Cambridge University Press
Imprint:   Cambridge University Press
Dimensions:   Width: 15.80cm , Height: 2.50cm , Length: 23.50cm
Weight:   0.690kg
ISBN:  

9781107038394

ISBN 10:   1107038391
Pages:   412
Publication Date:   12 August 2013
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
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Table of Contents

Part I. The Theory of Political Meritocracy: 1. Political meritocracy and meritorious rule: a Confucian perspective Joseph Chan; 2. A Confucian version of hybrid regime: how does it work and why is it superior? Tongdong Bai; 3. Confucian meritocracy for contemporary China Ruiping Fan; 4. The liberal critique of democracy John Skorupski; 5. Meritocratic representation Philip Pettit; Part II. The History of Political Meritocracy: 6. Between merit and pedigree: evolution of the concept of 'elevating the worthy' in pre-imperial China Yuri Pines; 7. A society in motion: unexpected consequences of political meritocracy in late imperial China, 1400–1900 Benjamin Elman; 8. Meritocratic democracy: learning from the American Constitution Stephen Macedo; Part III. Realizing Political Meritocracy Today: 9. How East Asians view meritocracy: a Confucian perspective Doh Chull Shin; 10. Political meritocracy in Singapore: lessons from the PAP government Benjamin Wong; 11. Meritocracy and political liberalization in Singapore Kenneth Paul Tan; 12. China's meritocratic examinations and the ideal of virtuous talents Hong Xiao and Chenyang Li; 13. Reflections on political meritocracy: its manipulation and transformation Philippe C. Schmitter; 14. Political meritocracy and direct democracy: a hybrid experiment in California Nicolas Berggruen and Nathan Gardels.

Reviews

'In theory, democracy works beautifully. In practice, it does not. Indeed, the American democratic system has effectively been hijacked by special interests through a process best described as institutionalized legal corruption. Clearly the world needs new political thinking, bringing together the best of the East and the West. This is what this volume does, reminding us that political wisdom springs from all corners of the world. It could not be more timely. A must-read.' Kishore Mahbubani, Dean, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World 'Drawing on Eastern and Western theories, histories, and contemporary experiences, The East Asian Challenge for Democracy is a searching, provocative, and above all open-minded exploration of meritocracy. By highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of meritocracy, this wide-ranging but well-integrated volume challenges everyone - from doctrinaire democrats to rigid meritocrats - to enter into a renewed conversation about political possibilities.' Stephen Angle, Wesleyan University 'In this volume, Bell and Li have made tremendous efforts in bringing together more than a dozen ... known experts, exploring rich traditions and contemporary practices of meritocracy in East Asia, particularly China and Singapore. All who are interested in the future of China and other parts of East Asia should read this excellent book.' Zheng Yongnian, National University of Singapore 'The present volume invokes the Chinese tradition of 'meritocracy', focused on virtuous public leadership, assessing its value and contemporary feasibility from a great many angles. The scope and intellectual rigor of these assessments is unparalleled in the literature. The central problem faced by all contributors is implicit in the term 'meritocracy' itself: how can 'merit' or virtue be combined with political power ('-cracy'), given Lord Action's famous saying that all power inevitably corrupts?' Fred Dallmayr, author of In Search of The Good Life and The Promise of Democracy 'Bell and Li posit a provocative thesis that East Asian political meritocracy poses a deeper challenge to liberal democracy than most in the West suspect. ... Bell and Li, together and separately, have done much to reinvigorate both the scholarly discussion and public dialogue regarding the virtues of political meritocracy. Their book is an excellent compendium for both scholars and students interested in the impact that modern political Confucianism and political meritocracy play in China, Singapore, East and South Asian societies, as well as the implications of political meritocracy's potential influence on liberal democracy and democratic theory.' Jon R. Taylor, Journal of Chinese Political Science

In theory, democracy works beautifully. In practice, it does not. Indeed, the American democratic system has effectively been hijacked by special interests through a process best described as institutionalized legal corruption. Clearly the world needs new political thinking, bringing together the best of the East and the West. This is what this volume does, reminding us that political wisdom springs from all corners of the world. It could not be more timely. A must read. - Kishore Mahbubani, Dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World Drawing on Eastern and Western theories, histories, and contemporary experiences, The East Asian Challenge for Democracy is a searching, provocative, and above all open-minded exploration of meritocracy. By highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of meritocracy, this wide-ranging but well-integrated volume challenges everyone-from doctrinaire democrats to rigid meritocrats-to enter into a renewed conversation about political possibilities. - Stephen Angle, Professor of Philosophy and East Asian Studies, Wesleyan University When liberal democracy was believed to have triumphed over its authoritarian rivals in the Soviet Union and East Europe at the end of the Cold War, it was challenged by meritocracy in East Asian societies which have several thousand years of meritocratic tradition, a part of Confucianism. Until today, leaders in these societies believe that liberal democracy, centered on electoral politics, can neither guarantee the election of the best person, nor prevent the worst person to be elected. However, meritocracy does not resist democracy. Indeed, all East Asian societies have been adjusting to democracy by integrating their own deeply rooted tradition with it, namely, selection and election. In this volume, Bell and Li have made tremendous efforts in bringing together more than a dozen of known experts, exploring rich traditions and contemporary practices of meritocracy in East Asia, particularly China and Singapore. All who are interested in the future of China and other parts of East Asia should read this excellent book. - Zheng Yongnian, Professor and Director of East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore Although frequently touted as an export article, Western democracy today is in crisis, being in the tight grip of selfish elites. Aristotle long ago had distinguished between good and bad regimes, using as criterion the orientation toward shared well-being or selfish interests. Measured by this yardstick, Western democracy appears deeply flawed. Small wonder that many intellectuals look for ways to upgrade democracy's ethical quality. The present volume invokes the Chinese tradition of meritocracy , focused on virtuous public leadership, assessing its value and contemporary feasibility from a great many angles. The scope and intellectual rigor of these assessments is unparalleled in the literature. The central problem faced by all contributors is implicit in the term meritocracy itself: how can merit or virtue be combined with political power ( -cracy ), given Lord Action's famous saying that all power inevitably corrupts? - Fred Dallmayr, author of In Search of The Good Life and The Promise of Democracy

'In theory, democracy works beautifully. In practice, it does not. Indeed, the American democratic system has effectively been hijacked by special interests through a process best described as institutionalized legal corruption. Clearly the world needs new political thinking, bringing together the best of the East and the West. This is what this volume does, reminding us that political wisdom springs from all corners of the world. It could not be more timely. A must-read.' Kishore Mahbubani, Dean, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World 'Drawing on Eastern and Western theories, histories, and contemporary experiences, The East Asian Challenge for Democracy is a searching, provocative, and above all open-minded exploration of meritocracy. By highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of meritocracy, this wide-ranging but well-integrated volume challenges everyone - from doctrinaire democrats to rigid meritocrats - to enter into a renewed conversation about political possibilities.' Stephen Angle, Wesleyan University 'In this volume, Bell and Li have made tremendous efforts in bringing together more than a dozen ... known experts, exploring rich traditions and contemporary practices of meritocracy in East Asia, particularly China and Singapore. All who are interested in the future of China and other parts of East Asia should read this excellent book.' Zheng Yongnian, National University of Singapore 'The present volume invokes the Chinese tradition of 'meritocracy', focused on virtuous public leadership, assessing its value and contemporary feasibility from a great many angles. The scope and intellectual rigor of these assessments is unparalleled in the literature. The central problem faced by all contributors is implicit in the term 'meritocracy' itself: how can 'merit' or virtue be combined with political power ('-cracy'), given Lord Action's famous saying that all power inevitably corrupts?' Fred Dallmayr, author of In Search of The Good Life and The Promise of Democracy 'Bell and Li posit a provocative thesis that East Asian political meritocracy poses a deeper challenge to liberal democracy than most in the West suspect. ... Bell and Li, together and separately, have done much to reinvigorate both the scholarly discussion and public dialogue regarding the virtues of political meritocracy. Their book is an excellent compendium for both scholars and students interested in the impact that modern political Confucianism and political meritocracy play in China, Singapore, East and South Asian societies, as well as the implications of political meritocracy's potential influence on liberal democracy and democratic theory.' Jon R. Taylor, Journal of Chinese Political Science In theory, democracy works beautifully. In practice, it does not. Indeed, the American democratic system has effectively been hijacked by special interests through a process best described as institutionalized legal corruption. Clearly the world needs new political thinking, bringing together the best of the East and the West. This is what this volume does, reminding us that political wisdom springs from all corners of the world. It could not be more timely. A must read. - Kishore Mahbubani, Dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World Drawing on Eastern and Western theories, histories, and contemporary experiences, The East Asian Challenge for Democracy is a searching, provocative, and above all open-minded exploration of meritocracy. By highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of meritocracy, this wide-ranging but well-integrated volume challenges everyone-from doctrinaire democrats to rigid meritocrats-to enter into a renewed conversation about political possibilities. - Stephen Angle, Professor of Philosophy and East Asian Studies, Wesleyan University When liberal democracy was believed to have triumphed over its authoritarian rivals in the Soviet Union and East Europe at the end of the Cold War, it was challenged by meritocracy in East Asian societies which have several thousand years of meritocratic tradition, a part of Confucianism. Until today, leaders in these societies believe that liberal democracy, centered on electoral politics, can neither guarantee the election of the best person, nor prevent the worst person to be elected. However, meritocracy does not resist democracy. Indeed, all East Asian societies have been adjusting to democracy by integrating their own deeply rooted tradition with it, namely, selection and election. In this volume, Bell and Li have made tremendous efforts in bringing together more than a dozen of known experts, exploring rich traditions and contemporary practices of meritocracy in East Asia, particularly China and Singapore. All who are interested in the future of China and other parts of East Asia should read this excellent book. - Zheng Yongnian, Professor and Director of East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore Although frequently touted as an export article, Western democracy today is in crisis, being in the tight grip of selfish elites. Aristotle long ago had distinguished between good and bad regimes, using as criterion the orientation toward shared well-being or selfish interests. Measured by this yardstick, Western democracy appears deeply flawed. Small wonder that many intellectuals look for ways to upgrade democracy's ethical quality. The present volume invokes the Chinese tradition of meritocracy , focused on virtuous public leadership, assessing its value and contemporary feasibility from a great many angles. The scope and intellectual rigor of these assessments is unparalleled in the literature. The central problem faced by all contributors is implicit in the term meritocracy itself: how can merit or virtue be combined with political power ( -cracy ), given Lord Action's famous saying that all power inevitably corrupts? - Fred Dallmayr, author of In Search of The Good Life and The Promise of Democracy 'Bell and Li posit a provocative thesis that East Asian political meritocracy poses a deeper challenge to liberal democracy than most in the West suspect. ... Bell and Li, together and separately, have done much to reinvigorate both the scholarly discussion and public dialogue regarding the virtues of political meritocracy. Their book is an excellent compendium for both scholars and students interested in the impact that modern political Confucianism and political meritocracy play in China, Singapore, East and South Asian societies, as well as the implications of political meritocracy's potential influence on liberal democracy and democratic theory.' Jon R. Taylor, Journal of Chinese Political Science

Advance praise: 'In theory, democracy works beautifully. In practice, it does not. Indeed, the American democratic system has effectively been hijacked by special interests through a process best described as institutionalized legal corruption. Clearly the world needs new political thinking, bringing together the best of the East and the West. This is what this volume does, reminding us that political wisdom springs from all corners of the world. It could not be more timely. A must-read.' Kishore Mahbubani, Dean, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World Advance praise: 'Drawing on Eastern and Western theories, histories, and contemporary experiences, The East Asian Challenge for Democracy is a searching, provocative, and above all open-minded exploration of meritocracy. By highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of meritocracy, this wide-ranging but well-integrated volume challenges everyone - from doctrinaire democrats to rigid meritocrats - to enter into a renewed conversation about political possibilities.' Stephen Angle, Wesleyan University Advance praise: 'In this volume, Bell and Li have made tremendous efforts in bringing together more than a dozen ... known experts, exploring rich traditions and contemporary practices of meritocracy in East Asia, particularly China and Singapore. All who are interested in the future of China and other parts of East Asia should read this excellent book.' Zheng Yongnian, National University of Singapore Advance praise: 'The present volume invokes the Chinese tradition of 'meritocracy', focused on virtuous public leadership, assessing its value and contemporary feasibility from a great many angles. The scope and intellectual rigor of these assessments is unparalleled in the literature. The central problem faced by all contributors is implicit in the term 'meritocracy' itself: how can 'merit' or virtue be combined with political power ('-cracy'), given Lord Action's famous saying that all power inevitably corrupts?' Fred Dallmayr, author of In Search of The Good Life and The Promise of Democracy

Author Information

Daniel A. Bell is Zhiyuan Chair Professor of the Arts and Humanities at Jiaotong University (Shanghai) and Professor of Ethics and Political Philosophy and Director of the Center for International and Comparative Political Philosophy at Tsinghua University (Beijing). His recent books include China's New Confucianism (revised edition, 2010); the co-edited books A Confucian Constitutional Order (2013) and Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power (2011); and the co-authored book The Spirit of Cities (2011). He has co-edited three previous books with Cambridge University Press. He is a frequent contributor to The New York Times, the Financial Times and to Chinese language publications. His writings have been translated into twenty-two languages. Chenyang Li is Associate Professor and Founding Director of the philosophy program at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Previously, he served as Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Central Washington University, where he received the Distinguished Research Professor Award, the Outstanding Department Chair Award, and the Keys to Success Award (Student Service). He was a 2008–2009 American Council on Education Fellow. His research interests include Chinese philosophy, comparative philosophy and value theory. Among his publications are The Confucian Philosophy of Harmony (2013), The Tao Encounters the West: Explorations in Comparative Philosophy (1999), and The Sage and the Second Sex: Confucianism, Ethics, and Gender (editor, 2000), and more than eighty journal articles and book chapters.

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