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Excerpt from The Earliest Arithmetics in English: Edited With Introduction Ancient and medieval writers observed a distinction between the Science and the Art of Arithmetic. The classical treatises on the subject, those of Euclid among the Greeks and Boethius among the Latins, are devoted to the Science of Arithmetic, but it is obvious that coeval with practical Astronomy the Art of Calculation imust have existed and have made considerable progress. If early treatises on this art existed at all they must, almost of necessity, have been in Greek, which was the language of science for the Romans as long as Latin civilisation existed. But in their absence it is safe to say that no involved operations were or could have been carried out by means of the alphabetic notation of the Greeks and tomans. Specimen sums have indeed been constructed by moderns which show its possibility, but it is absurd to. Think that men of science, acquainted with Egyptian methods and in possession of the abacusfiAbout the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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