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OverviewIn the wake of Jerusalem's fall in 1099, the crusading armies of western Christians known as the Franks found themselves governing not only Muslims and Jews but also local Christians, whose culture and traditions were a world apart from their own. The crusader-occupied swaths of Syria and Palestine were home to many separate Christian communities: Greek and Syrian Orthodox, Armenians, and other sects with sharp doctrinal differences. How did these disparate groups live together under Frankish rule? In The Crusades and the Christian World of the East, Christopher MacEvitt marshals an impressive array of literary, legal, artistic, and archeological evidence to demonstrate how crusader ideology and religious difference gave rise to a mode of coexistence he calls ""rough tolerance."" The twelfth-century Frankish rulers of the Levant and their Christian subjects were separated by language, religious practices, and beliefs. Yet western Christians showed little interest in such differences. Franks intermarried with local Christians and shared shrines and churches, but they did not hesitate to use military force against Christian communities. Rough tolerance was unlike other medieval modes of dealing with religious difference, and MacEvitt illuminates the factors that led to this striking divergence. ""It is commonplace to discuss the diversity of the Middle East in terms of Muslims, Jews, and Christians,"" MacEvitt writes, ""yet even this simplifies its religious complexity."" While most crusade history has focused on Christian-Muslim encounters, MacEvitt offers an often surprising account by examining the intersection of the Middle Eastern and Frankish Christian worlds during the century of the First Crusade. Full Product DetailsAuthor: Christopher MacEvitt , Ruth Mazo KarrasPublisher: University of Pennsylvania Press Imprint: University of Pennsylvania Press Dimensions: Width: 15.20cm , Height: 1.90cm , Length: 22.90cm Weight: 0.570kg ISBN: 9780812240504ISBN 10: 0812240502 Pages: 280 Publication Date: 09 January 2008 Audience: College/higher education , Tertiary & Higher Education Format: Hardback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: In Print  This item will be ordered in for you from one of our suppliers. Upon receipt, we will promptly dispatch it out to you. For in store availability, please contact us. Table of ContentsNote on Transliteration and Names Map Introduction The Twelfth-Century Middle East Historiography of the Crusades Rough Tolerance: A New Model of Religious Interaction 1 Satan Unleashed: The Christian Levant in the Eleventh Century A Brief History of the Christian East Contact and Knowledge Between Eastern and Western Christians 2 Close Encounters of the Ambiguous Kind: When Crusaders and Locals Meet Responses to the First Crusade The Franks in Edessa Armenian Resistance 3 Images of Authority in Edessa, 1100-1150 Frankish Authority Armenian Authority: A Response to the Franks Edessa Under Joscelin I Edessa and the Frankish East 4 Rough Tolerance and Ecclesiastical Ignorance Local Christians from a Latin Perspective Local Priests and Patriarchs in the Frankish Levant Architecture and Liturgy Pilgrimage 5 The Legal and Social Status of Local Inhabitants in the Frankish Levant Historiography The Peasantry Local Rural Landowners and Administrators 6 The Price of Unity: Ecumenical Negotiations and the End of Rough Tolerance Manuel I Komnenos and the Mediterranean World Ecumenical Dialogue with the Armenian Church Jacobite Patriarch Michael and the Quest for Legitimacy Cultural Consequences of Ecumenical Negotiation Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index AcknowledgmentsReviewsA superb contribution to understanding the complex interaction of local and occupying Christian populations during the crusading era... Highly recommended. -Choice An important book, which shows that the Western settlers did not remain a foreign presence but became fully integrated in the society of the Levant. -TLS A first-rate piece of scholarship that will have a major impact on the field of crusade studies and medieval history in general... A must for all historians of the Latin East and those interested in relations between the churches. -Jonathan Riley-Smith, author of The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading A first-rate piece of scholarship that will have a major impact on the field of crusade studies and medieval history in general... A must for all historians of the Latin East and those interested in relations between the churches. -Jonathan Riley-Smith, author of The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading A superb contribution to understanding the complex interaction of local and occupying Christian populations during the crusading era... Highly recommended. -Choice An important book, which shows that the Western settlers did not remain a foreign presence but became fully integrated in the society of the Levant. -TLS Author InformationChristopher MacEvitt teaches religion at Dartmouth College. Tab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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