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Excerpt from Standard Tests to Characterize Pest Resistance in Alfalfa Cultivars Biotic agents that incite diseases in alfalfa are bacteria, fungi, viruses, and mycoplasmas. Graham and others (29) reported that at least 70 different pathogens occur in alfalfa and that about 30 limit the growth and production of the crop. A survey of the United States by the Alfalfa improve ment Conference Committee identified 22 diseases that were problems in more than one State. Of these diseases, 19 were identified as problems in enough States so that national distribution and severity maps could be developed. Some research information is available on nearly every important alfalfa disease in the United States but often only one scientist may have worked with a particular disease. Even though information is available and variation in host-plant resistance has been reported for most impor tant diseases, reliable evaluation procedures are available for only bacterial wilt, anthracnose, common leaf spot, downy mildew, fusarium wilt, lepto leaf spot, phytophthora root rot, rust, and verticillium wilt.should both be used to describe cultivar reaction to dis eases. Cultivar evaluations should be based on individual plant scores rather than on solid-seeded plots. A 1 to 5 rat ing when feasible (1 no disease, 5 severely diseased) is favored. Ratings for each pathogen should be based on specific lesion types or degree of infection (some diseases may require fewer or more than five classes). Rating values should be consistent from test to test. Generally, at least 100 plants should be used for evaluating a cultivar, and resistant and susceptible check cultivars should be included in every test. The susceptible check cultivar can be used to estimate percentage of escapes in a test. The cultivar being evaluated should be compared to the resistant check. Standard seed lots of the check cultivars (when available) should be used. Although no agreement was reached on the number of tests required for evaluation, individual scientists should base their decision on the number of escapes and relative precision of their data. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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