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OverviewThis manuscript discusses the potentials of the approaches as mentioned below to monitor the AIVs in WMW. Molecular diagnostic platforms enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding, enabling non-invasive research on the epidemiology of the disease. Wild migratory waterfowl (WMW) play significant role in the transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) on large distances. Understanding bird migrations may therefore significantly contribute towards understanding of the disease epidemiology, however most conventional approaches to trace WMW migrations are based on capturing, tagging (mostly ringing or GPS devices) and their re-capturing to link the departure and arrival places. Stable isotope ratios in metabolically inert tissues (feathers, beaks, claws) reflect the ratios present at the point of intake (drinking or feeding), thus enabling for tracing bird origins at stopover places. Molecular diagnostic platforms such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies (genetic sequencing) can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding. Simple and easy collection of feather and fecal samples at the stopover places may generate a full information package on which species of WMW carries the AIVs (PCR+DNA barcoding on the feces), as well as the origin of these species (SI+DNA barcoding on the feathers). Therefore, such approaches enable for research on the epidemiology and the ecology of the AIVs in WMW using a non-invasive platform, which does not require capturing of WMW. This manuscript discusses the potentials of these approaches to monitor the AIVs in WMW. p> Full Product DetailsAuthor: G.J. Viljoen , A.G. Luckins , I. NaletoskiPublisher: Springer International Publishing AG Imprint: Springer International Publishing AG Edition: Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016 Dimensions: Width: 15.50cm , Height: 0.30cm , Length: 23.50cm Weight: 1.124kg ISBN: 9783319803197ISBN 10: 3319803190 Pages: 49 Publication Date: 07 June 2018 Audience: Professional and scholarly , Professional & Vocational Format: Paperback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: Manufactured on demand  We will order this item for you from a manufactured on demand supplier. Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION 21.1. Background analysis 21.2. Migratory Birds and HPAI 51.3. Using SIA to understand the dissemination of HPAI – The way ahead! 72. ANIMAL MIGRATION TRACKING METHODS 102.1. Extrinsic Markers 102.2. Intrinsic markers 152.2.1. The Nitrogen Cycle 212.2.2. The Sulphur Cycle 222.2.3. The Oxygen Cycle 222.2.4. The Hydrogen Cycle 232.3. The Stable Isotopes of Water on a Spatial Scale 242.4. Deriving isoscapes in the absence of GNIP data 272.5. Use of Stable Isotopes for Migration Studies 282.6. Approaches for Determining Migratory Connectivity 322.6.1. Classification Trees to Predict Origins 382.6.2. Likelihood-Based Methods to Predict Origins 382.6.3. Migration Studies using Stable Isotopes. 392.6.4. Determining migratory connectivity for waterfowl in Asia 413. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 463.1. Sample Collection and Tissue Preparation 463.1.1. Questions of Sample Heterogeneity 483.1.2. Preparation of feather samples 483.2. Other Stable Isotopes for Migration Research 523.2.1. Sampling Instructions for Water δ18O and δ2H - Rivers / Lakes / Groundwater 523.2.2. Sampling Instructions for Bird Feathers for use in SIA 533.2.3. Sampling wild birds in the field 553.2.4. Sampling Strategy for H5N1 564. REFERENCES 60ReviewsAuthor InformationTab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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