Overview

A comprehensive history and insider's account of the Garifuna in New York City from 1943 to the present day In recent years, Latinos-primarily Central American migrants-crossing the southern border of the United States have dominated the national media, as the legitimacy of their detention and of U.S. immigration policy in general is debated by partisan politicians and pundits. Among these migrants seeking economic opportunities and fleeing violence from gangs and drug traffickers are many Central American Garifuna. This fascinating book is the long overdue account-written by a Garifuna New Yorker-of the ways that Garifuna immigrants from Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras have organized themselves and become a vibrant presence in New York City, from the time of their first arrivals in the 1940s to the present. The author documents four generations of Garifuna people in New York City who were active in the organizations at the heart of their community. Garifuna organizations have expanded and diversified over time from being primarily concerned with simply providing a space to gather for social events and some self-help groups for seamen (who were the first migrants) to a wide variety of organizations today that range from those focused on culture-music, dance, religion, language, sports, media-to those concentrating on economic development, political engagement and representation, immigration issues, health concerns, and transnational projects related to the situation of Garifuna in their Central American communities. As the Garifuna population grew, their organized entities simultaneously increased. The legacy of the Garifuna ethnic group is one of heroic resilience: they challenged colonial European suppression and grew from an estimated population of 2,000 to a growing 600,000 in the present day. After wars defending their original settlement in the Caribbean island of St. Vincent, the remaining Garifuna were rounded and expelled from the territory to Central America, and eventually immigrated to the United States. In New York City, an estimated 200,000 Garifuna live in the five boroughs, with their largest population in the Bronx. Having overcome numerous challenges, this Black/Indigenous ethnic group is now known for its significant involvement in both Central American as well as the U.S. societies. The Garifuna are integrated into the fabric of New York City as a distinctive Afro-Latinx/African Diaspora ethnic group known for its cultural and political impact. Garifuna organizations are at once concerned with creating alliances with a diversity of many other groups, and also focused on dealing with issues specific to the unique culture, history, and situation of the Garifuna. They provide an interesting case study on whether and how Black ethnic groups assimilate with African Americans. And awareness of this group, its culture, and its contribution to American society is essential to understanding a growing segment of the expanding diverse Latino presence in the United States.

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9781531504755

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Reviews

This is an excellent account of the history of Garifuna migration to New York City and especially their political and civic engagement in the city as they navigate their complex relationships with other Latinx and Black immigrant groups, African-Americans, and US structures of discrimination and opportunity. It is very thoroughly researched based on an extensive review of the literature, interviews with key Garifuna community leaders, participant observation in both NYC and Central America, and archival sources collected from Garifuna immigrants. It is a very useful compendium of information for anyone interested in knowing the key events, people, and organizations within the Garifuna diaspora.---Sarah England, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Soka University of America

Author Information

Maximo Martinez is Professor of Government at Blinn College in Bryan, Texas. His research focuses on Latin American politics and Afro-Caribbean immigrants in the United States. He is the author of “Other Hispanics”: An Analysis of New York City Honduran Political Participation (2009).

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