Overview

The range at which a weapon has been fired is an important measurement for the reconstruction of firearms offenses (murder, suicide, accident). All changes caused by a shot and which vary according to the distance from the weapon are suitable in principle for determining this distance. However, some procedures are very elegant in theory but hardly applicable in practice. The constructions of ammunition and the sequence of events during a shot are dealt with first as this knowledge forms a basis for understanding the various methods. \ The individual zones (classes) of firing distances (contact shot, intermediate shot, distance shot) are described. In this connection, the morphological methods for determining the firing distance are discussed. From the shape and size of the powder residue distribution (soot stains, powder tattooing) and with the knowledge of the weapon and ammunition, the distance from the target can be elucidated. In this chapter, the methods of making an invisible distribution visible are also dealt with. In order to determine the range of the shot from the appearance of the wound no complicated apparatus is necessary. One can judge with the naked eye. These procedures have a great advantage over the methods discussed in the following chapter in that they give stronger proof. They are more vivid and convincing for the uninitiated (judge or jury) than abstract measurements obtained by scientific devices.

Full Product Details

Author:   Karl Sellier
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Edition:   Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1991
Volume:   6
Dimensions:   Width: 15.50cm , Height: 0.60cm , Length: 23.50cm
Weight:   0.195kg
ISBN:  

9783642767234

ISBN 10:   3642767230
Pages:   105
Publication Date:   23 December 2011
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
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Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 2 General Section.- 2.1 Ammunitions.- 2.2 Sequence of Events During Firing.- 3 Classification of Shot Range Zones.- 3.1 Contact Gunshot (Shot with Muzzle Contact).- 3.2 Intermediate Range Gunshot.- 3.3 Distant Gunshot.- 4 Qualitative Detection of the Signs of a Close Range Shot.- 4.1 Detection of Powder Tattooing.- 4.2 Detection of the Soot Element Pb.- 5 Morphological Methods of Shot Range Determination.- 5.1 General Principles.- 5.2 Infrared Photography.- 5.3 Sheet Printing Methods, Chemical.- 5.4 Sheet Printing Method, Physical (Autoradiography).- 5.5 Determination from Powder Tattooing.- 5.6 Imaging with X-Ray, X-Ray Fluorescence.- 6 The Sampling Test Method for the Quantitative Determination of Shot Range.- 6.1 Initial Remarks and Underlying Principles.- 6.2 Emission Spectrum Analysis (ESA).- 6.3 Atomic Absorption Spectrography (AAS).- 6.4 Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA).- 6.5 Polarography.- 6.6 Other Methods of Shot Range Determination.- 6.7 Possible Errors in Shot Range Determination.- 7 Shot Range Determination for Shotguns.- 7.1 General Remarks.- 7.2 Characteristics of the Barrel, Choke.- 7.3 Shot Patterns—The Diameter of the Shot Pattern as a Function of the Range and Other Parameters.- 7.4 Practical Procedures of Shot Range Determination for Shotguns.- 8 References and Further Readings.- 9 Subject Index.

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