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OverviewHuman spaceflight is inherently risky, with numerous potential hazards posed at each phase of a mission. Potential health risks during spaceflights include short-term health consequences from being in microgravity, as well as long-term health consequences that arise, or continue, months or years after a flight. Additional health considerations are risks posed by exposure to environmental contaminants onboard spacecraft. Because the International Space Station and spacecraft are closed environments that require recirculation of air and water supplies, some contamination of the air and water will occur. Even with onboard air and water purification systems, chemicals will accumulate in the air and water as they recirculate or are recycled onboard. Therefore, it is necessary for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to identify hazardous contaminants and determine exposure levels that are not expected to pose a health risk to astronauts. NASA uses spacecraft maximum allowance concentrations (SMACs) and spacecraft water exposure guidelines (SWEGs) to provide guidance on acceptable exposures to air and water contaminants during normal operations and emergency situations. Refinements to the Methods for Developing Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines updates the methods for establishing SMACs and SWEGs and assists NASA with identifying chemicals that need updated SMACs or SWEGs and new chemicals for which these guidelines should be developed. Table of Contents Front Matter Refinements to the Methods for Developing Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines Summary 1 Introduction 2 Derivation of SMACs and SWEGs 3 Selecting and Prioritizing Contaminants for Assessment Appendix A: Biographical Information on the Committee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines Appendix B: Example Report Outlines for Future SMAC and SWEG Documents Full Product DetailsAuthor: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine , Division on Earth and Life Studies , Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology , Committee on Spacecraft Exposure GuidelinesPublisher: National Academies Press Imprint: National Academies Press Dimensions: Width: 15.20cm , Height: 0.80cm , Length: 22.90cm Weight: 0.091kg ISBN: 9780309390781ISBN 10: 0309390788 Pages: 64 Publication Date: 07 May 2016 Audience: Professional and scholarly , Professional & Vocational Format: Paperback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: In Print This item will be ordered in for you from one of our suppliers. Upon receipt, we will promptly dispatch it out to you. For in store availability, please contact us. Table of ContentsReviewsAuthor InformationTab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |