Overview

Qu ntum m h n a physical n d l ng w th th behaviour f m tt r nd energy on th l of atoms and ub t m rt l / w v . It l f rm the basis f r th nt m r r und r t nd ng f h w very l rg objects u h t r nd g l x , nd m l g l events u h as th B g Bang, can be n l z d nd x l n d. Quantum mechanics th f und t n f v r l r l t d d l n including n n t hn l g , condensed matter h , u ntum h m tr , tru tur l b l g , rt l h , and l tr n . The t rm u ntum m h n w f r t n d by Max Born in 1924. Th t n by the g n r l h community of quantum m h n is du to its accurate r d t n f the h l b h v ur f t m , n lud ng t m wh r N wt n n mechanics fails. Ev n general relativity l m t d -- n ways u ntum mechanics is n t -- f r describing t m t the t m l r m ll r, at v r l w or very h gh n rg , or t th l w t temperatures. Thr ugh a century of x r m nt t n and l d science, u ntum m h n l theory h r v n to b v r u ful and practical. Th f und t n of u ntum m h n d t fr m the early 1800s, but the r l beginnings f QM date fr m th w rk f Max Pl n k n 1900. Albert E n t n nd N l B hr soon made important ntr but n t wh t now ll d the old u ntum th r . However, t w n t until 1924 th t a m r complete tur m rg d w th L u de Br gl ' matter-wave h th nd th tru m rt n f quantum m h n became l r. Some f th m t prominent scientists to ub u ntl contribute in the m d-1920 to wh t n w ll d the new u ntum m h n or n w physics w r M x B rn, P ul D r , Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang P ul , nd Erwin S hroed ng r. Later, the f ld w furth r x nd d with work b Julian S hw ng r, S n-It r Tomonaga nd R h rd F nm n f r th d v l m nt f Qu ntum Electrodynamics n 1947 and by Murr G ll-M nn in rt ul r f r th d v l m nt f Quantum Chr m d n m . Th nt rf r n th t r du colored b nd n bubbl nn t be x l n d b a model th t d t l ght a rt l . It n b x l n d b a m d l th t d t t as a w v . The drawing h w sine w v that resemble w v on th urf f water being r fl t d from two urf f a film f v r ng w dth, but that d t n f th w v nature f l ght nl a rud n l g . E rl researchers d ff r d in th r explanations f the fund m nt l n tur f what w n w ll electromagnetic r d t n. S m m nt n d that light and th r frequencies f l tr m gn t r d t n r m d f rt l , while th r asserted th t l tr m gn t r d t n is a wave h n m n n. In l l h these d r mutually contradictory. Ever n th rl d f QM nt t h v acknowledged th t n th r d b itself n x l n l tr m gn t r d t n. D t th u of quantum m h n , t d h v m ntr v r l l m nt . F r x m l , th behaviour f m r bj t described n u ntu

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