Overview

The term ""pigeon"" encompasses both the domestic forms of Columba livia and other species in the family Columbidae. For farming purposes, the focus is domestic rock doves and their breeds, supplemented by an understanding of regional wild species that may influence disease ecology or local regulations. The Foundation: Rock Dove and the Domestic Pigeon All domesticated pigeon breeds trace to the rock dove. Selective breeding produced a spectrum of types that can be organized functionally: Utility Breeds (Meat Production) These birds are selected for rapid growth of squabs, calm temperament, and efficient feed conversion. Examples include: King: Large, broad-breasted, with strong parental instincts; widely used in commercial squab production. Carneau: Good body mass and dependable breeding; valued for consistent squab size. Texan Pioneer: Known for autosexing traits in some lines, aiding selection; productive and hardy. Unique traits: high squab yield, docility, strong nest fidelity. For farmers, these translate to predictable output and low handling stress. Homing and Racing Breeds The modern Racing Homer descends from messenger strains selectively improved for speed and orientation. Unique traits: powerful flight muscles, large heart and lung capacity, pronounced homing ability, fast recovery after exertion. These lines excel in navigation, making them suitable for distance flight and time-critical training. Performance Aerialists (High-Flyers, Tipplers, Tumblers, Rollers) High-Flyers/Tipplers: Bred for altitude and duration; can remain aloft for hours under ideal conditions. Tumblers/Rollers: Perform controlled flips or rolling maneuvers in flight; selection refines the balance between display and safe orientation. Unique traits: endurance physiology, neurologic predispositions for display behaviors, high motivation to fly. Farmers with an interest in sport may run separate lofts to preserve these traits. Fancy/Exhibition Breeds These types express dramatic changes in morphology: Fantail: Tail with multiple rectrices displayed fan-like; elegant carriage. Jacobin: Feathers form a hood encircling the head; striking silhouette. Modena, Lahore, Pouters: Each with distinct conformation standards. Unique traits: pronounced ornamentation, breed-specific posture, and feathering patterns. While not typical meat producers, some fancy breeds contribute to diversified sales and brand identity for a farm.

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