Overview

Drawing on the history of the philanthropy of India's economic elites, Arun Kumar discusses how their ideas and understanding of development have shifted and changed over time. Going beyond the more familiar criticisms of development's entanglements with colonialism, Kumar interrogates the changes in development imaginaries in terms of modernity's entanglements with the national question, including anti-colonial nationalism and post-colonial nation-building during the twentieth century. Development, he suggests, can be usefully read and critiqued as national-modern. Philanthropy and the Development of Modern India plots the careers of the national-modern in four main sites of development: civil society, community, science and technology, and selfhood. In an unusual move reading socio-economic nationalist reform from the first half of the twentieth century alongside post-colonial development from the second half, Kumar uncovers the lineages of contemporary development ideas such as self-care, self-reliance, merit, etc. In all this, elites were driven by a 'pedagogic reflex': to teach different sections of Indian society of how to be modern and developed. Contrary to development studies' characterization of elites as anti-development or captors of scarce resources, Kumar shows how elites longed for development for others. Development provided the moral justification, in their calculations, for protecting their commercial interests as they navigated the turbulent Indian twentieth century.

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9780198868637

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One of the most important contributions to studies of philanthropy in recent decades, this is an eloquent, ground-breaking study of the relationship between elites and development, raising new insights into the role of philanthropy in nation-building. * Professor Linsey McGoey, University of Essex, UK and author of No Such Thing as a Free Gift * Arun Kumar has written a fascinating archive-based study of Indian philanthropy over the course of the twentieth century. The book shows in great depth and detail how Indian elite philanthropies - from Bombay Parsis, Marwaris in Calcutta, and Ahmedabad's textile industrialists – forged their ideas of modernity and development within colonial India and after independence. Those elites' caste and religious identities ensured disagreements and debates on the meaning of development and modernity, yet played a profound role in the development of key development concepts such as self-reliance. This comparative approach is one of the most fascinating aspects of this landmark, ground-breaking study. There are few such in depth and detailed original studies of Indian philanthropy – Arun Kumar's book has set a very high bar for future scholars. * Professor Inderjeet Parmar, City University of London, UK and author of Foundations of the American Century *

One of the most important contributions to studies of philanthropy in recent decades, this is an eloquent, ground-breaking study of the relationship between elites and development, raising new insights into the role of philanthropy in nation-building. * Professor Linsey McGoey, University of Essex, UK and author of No Such Thing as a Free Gift * Arun Kumar has written a fascinating archive-based study of Indian philanthropy over the course of the twentieth century. The book shows in great depth and detail how Indian elite philanthropies - from Bombay Parsis, Marwaris in Calcutta, and Ahmedabad's textile industrialists - forged their ideas of modernity and development within colonial India and after independence. Those elites' caste and religious identities ensured disagreements and debates on the meaning of development and modernity, yet played a profound role in the development of key development concepts such as self-reliance. This comparative approach is one of the most fascinating aspects of this landmark, ground-breaking study. There are few such in depth and detailed original studies of Indian philanthropy - Arun Kumar's book has set a very high bar for future scholars. * Professor Inderjeet Parmar, City University of London, UK and author of Foundations of the American Century *

Author Information

Arun Kumar is a Lecturer at the University of York, UK. He researches the role of businesses and philanthropy in India's development. His archival research has been funded by the Economic History Society, UK and the Rockefeller Archives Center, USA. In an earlier life, he was trained as an architect and a development manager, and worked for nearly eight years consulting with advocacy groups, NGOs, think tanks, donors, and independent research organizations in India.

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