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"The present book is based Ph.D. thesis on ""Provenance variation, progeny testing and reproductive biology in Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb"". A large number of seed pods were collected from five randomly selected trees of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. from each of twenty sites of Northern India. The data were recorded on survival percent, total height (cm), main stem height (cm), clear bole height (cm), basal diameter (cm), straightness, and a number of pods up to the age of 26 months after transplanting in order to identify relatively better seed sources. Large variation was observed among provenances for the total height, main stem height, clear bole height, basal diameter, straightness, pod product, and survival percent at the age of 26 months after transplanting. Forty-three plus trees were selected from natural populations of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Bihar on the basis of desirable traits for agroforestry such as stem straightness, main stem height, clear bole height, low values of crown diameter: stem diameter ratio and low branching habit during February-March 1991. Five months old seedlings of 43 progenies were transplanted during August 1991 following randomized block design with four replications. The data were recorded on survival percent, total height (cm), main stem height, clear bole height (cm), and straightness up to the age of 14 months after transplanting in order to identify the elite genetic material The following were the important findings of the study. The investigations on the breeding system, floral biology, crossing technique and seed production were carried out during March 1991- October 1992 on the trees growing in the Campus and Farm Area of Ch. Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Shisham was found strictly self-fertilizing species. Flower initiation takes place in early March maximum being up to the first week of April terminating in May end or early June. Maximum flowers open from 11.00 AM to 1.00 PM. The best time for emasculation (just before visibility of corolla) is before 8.00 AM and for pollination 11.00 AM to 12.00 noon on the same day. Artificial crosses need to be attempted up to the first week of April. Under natural conditions about 40 percent pod setting takes place, which gets reduced with the increasing temperature from April onwards. A very high frequency of Shisham trees in the natural plantations is with the crooked and forked stem with very little proportion of straight and clear bole. However, desirable traits in low frequency are available. The present study clearly indicated that Shisham trees having fast growth, higher clear bole, straight stem, small crown, and self-pruning habit can be isolated through selection and progeny testing. The viable seed of Shisham can be amply collected from November to July. It can be stored at room temperature for two years. The selection of healthy seeds from plus trees is important for high vigor. Among 1-4 seeded pods in Shisham the single-seeded ones are 60-69 percent. Flowering in Shisham can take place in two years from sowing. However, the mature seed is available in 31 months from sowing. Straightness and main stem height are strongly under genetic control. Plus trees for agroforestry can be selected from Sirsa, Dabwali, Fazilka, Kanpur, and Haldwani."

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