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OverviewThin on the Ground: Neandertal Biology, Archeology andEcology synthesizes the current knowledge about our sisterspecies the Neandertals, combining data from a variety ofdisciplines to reach a cohesive theory behind Neandertal lowpopulation densities and relatively low rate of technologicalinnovation. The book highlights and contrasts the differencesbetween Neandertals and early modern humans and exploresthe morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptive solutionswhich led to the extinction of the Neandertals and thepopulation expansion of modern humans. Written by a world recognized expert in physical anthropology, Thin on the Ground: Neandertal Biology, Archaeology andEcology will be a must have title for anyone interested inthe rise and fall of the Neandertals. Full Product DetailsAuthor: Steven E. ChurchillPublisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc Imprint: Wiley-Blackwell Volume: 11 ISBN: 9781118590850ISBN 10: 1118590856 Pages: 472 Publication Date: 02 October 2014 Audience: Professional and scholarly , Professional & Vocational Format: Electronic book text Publisher's Status: Active Availability: In stock  We have confirmation that this item is in stock with the supplier. It will be ordered in for you and dispatched immediately. Table of ContentsSeries Introduction ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xv Chapter 1 Thin on the Ground: Population Density andTechnological Innovation 1 Note 7 Chapter 2 The Neandertals in Time and Space 9 2.1 Geographic and Temporal Boundaries 10 2.2 Defining the Neandertals 13 2.3 Neandertal DNA 27 2.4 Neandertal Taxonomy 30 2.5 Regional and Temporal Variation in Neandertal Morphology30 2.6 The Evolutionary History of the Neandertals 32 Notes 39 Chapter 3 Neandertal Material Culture 41 3.1 Neandertal-associated Lithic Industries 42 3.2 Variation in the Eurasian Middle Paleolithic: Technology asAdaptive Interface 53 3.3 Composite Technology, and the Archeologically Less-visibleComponent of Technology 59 3.4 Subsistence Technology 61 3.5 Domestic Technology 67 Notes 69 Chapter 4 The Body Neandertal 71 4.1 Neandertal Body Size: Short but Massive 72 4.2 Body Composition: Scaled Up Inuit? 79 4.3 The Cost of Size: Feeding a Large Body and Large Brain82 4.3.1 Nutrition and Somatic Maintenance: Neandertal Bodies wereEnergetically Costly 83 4.3.2 Nutrition and Reproduction: Were Neandertal Mothers LikePolar Bears? 92 4.3.3 Dietary Shortfalls: Hard and Lean Winters 97 4.4 The Benefits of Size: Neandertal Body Size in EcologicalContext 99 Notes 104 Chapter 5 Surviving the Cold 107 5.1 How Cold Was It? 108 5.1.1 Cold-Temperate Conditions (MIS 5d-a and 3) 109 5.1.2 Cold Glacial Conditions (MIS 6 and 4) 111 5.2 Human Adaptation to the Cold 114 5.3 Cold Adaptation and Neandertal Morphology 117 5.3.1 The Survival Value of Neandertal Body Form 124 5.3.2 Craniofacial Morphology and Cold Adaptation 129 5.4 Physiological Solutions to Cold Stress 137 5.5 Cold Stress and Neandertal Behavior 141 5.5.1 Activity 141 5.5.2 Extrasomatic Heat Production and Conservation: Fire,Shelter and Clothing 142 5.6 Thermogenic Capacity and Cold Tolerance 146 5.7 The Neandertals Were Cold-adapted 148 Notes 149 Chapter 6 The Caloric Economy of Pleistocene Europe151 6.1 Issues in the Reconstruction of Past Environments 152 6.2 Pleistocene Biomes of Europe and Western Asia 157 6.2.1 Interglacial Europe: Marine Isotope Stages 7 and 5e159 6.2.2 Productivity and Edible Resources of InterglacialEnvironments 162 6.2.3 Temperate Interglacial Europe: Marine Isotope Stages5d-a and 3 169 6.2.4 Cold Steppic Europe: Marine Isotope Stages 6 and 4 173 Notes 175 Chapter 7 Neandertals as Consumers 179 7.1 Analysis of Food Residues: The Macromammal Component ofNeandertal Diet 181 7.2 Analysis of Food Residues: The Small Animal Data 187 7.3 Analysis of Food Residues: Macrobotanical Remains 191 7.4 Dental Wear and Food Residues on Teeth 194 7.5 Stable Isotope and Trace Element Analyses 200 7.6 The Thorny Issue of Cannibalism 214 7.7 The Trophic Ecology of Neandertals 216 Notes 218 Chapter 8 Red in Tooth and Claw: Neandertals as Predators219 8.1 Neandertal Morphology and Predation 220 8.1.1 Scapular Glenoid Fossa 222 8.1.2 Elbow Joint Morphology 224 8.1.3 Superior Pubic Ramus Length 226 8.1.4 Humeral Diaphyseal Cross-sectional Geometry 226 8.1.5 Entheseal (Muscle Marking) Morphology 233 8.2 Neandertals as Close-range Predators 236 8.3 Prey Size, Hunting Pack Size, and Risk ofInjury to Neandertal Hunters 245 8.4 Neandertal Hunting in Ecological Context 246 Notes 249 Chapter 9 In the Company of Killers: Neandertals asCarnivores 251 9.1 Large-bodied Carnivores of the Eurasian Late Pleistocene253 9.2 The Members of the Eurasian Pleistocene Large-bodiedCarnivore Guild 256 9.2.1 Homotherium latidens 256 9.2.2 Panthera leo spelaea 258 9.2.3 Panthera pardus 259 9.2.4 Crocuta crocuta spelaea 260 9.2.5 Hyaena hyaena 262 9.2.6 Canis lupus 262 9.2.7 Cuon alpinus 263 9.3 Competition within the Carnivore Guild 264 9.3.1 Exploitation Competition 265 9.3.2 Interference Competition 268 9.4 Neandertals Were Not the Socially-Dominant Members of theCarnivore Guild 271 9.5 Neandertal Ecology in the Context of Competition within theCarnivore Guild 276 Notes 284 Chapter 10 The Cost of Living in Ice Age Europe 287 10.1 Subsistence Organization and Mobility 289 10.2 Home Range Size 299 10.2.1 Lithic Raw Material Movement 300 10.2.2 Carnivore Models for Estimating Neandertal Mobility302 10.3 Paleontological Reflections of Neandertal Mobility 309 10.4 The Energetic Cost of Mobility 316 10.5 The Energetic Cost of Domestic Activities 321 10.6 Neandertal Physical Activity Levels 324 Notes 331 Chapter 11 Neandertal Social Life, Life History, andDemography 333 11.1 Subsistence Labor Demands, Group Size, and Social Structure336 11.2 Neandertal Life History 342 11.3 Neandertal Demography 347 Notes 352 Chapter 12 From Thin to Thick: The African MSA 353 12.1 Tipping the Scales on Population Growth 355 12.2 Culture Change in the Late MSA and Mousterian 360 Note 363 References 365 Index 445ReviewsThis book should serve both as a comprehensive introduction to the debate and as a timely stimulus to new research. (Antiquity, 1 August 2015) Author InformationTab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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