Overview

SMD, also known as Motor Stereotypies or Stereotypies, is a neurological or neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive, non-functional motor movements or gestures. Hand-flapping, body-rocking, head-banging, and finger-twisting are examples of such rhythmic, aimless body movements. Typically, these movements are considered a form of self-stimulation or self-soothing. Important features of Stereotypic Movement Disorder include: - Repetitiveness: Individuals with SMD engage in the same motor movements repeatedly, frequently for lengthy durations. - Lack of functional purpose: The movements appear to have no evident purpose or objective, such as scratching an itch or grabbing an object. - Childhood onset: SMD typically begins in childhood and can continue into adolescence or maturity. - In some instances, these movements can impede daily activities, social interactions, and learning. Importantly, SMD is diagnosed when these stereotypical movements cannot be accounted for by another medical or neurological condition, such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities, or Tourette's syndrome. In some circumstances, SMD may be associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders. The diagnosis and treatment of Stereotypic Movement Disorder may be necessitated if the individual's movements are harmful or substantially impairing their quality of life. In some cases, behavioral interventions, psychotherapy, and medication management may be employed as treatment methods. The objective is to decrease the frequency and severity of the stereotypical movements and enhance the individual's overall functioning and well-being.

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