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OverviewIn the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology and classic human toxicology, Mixture Toxicity: Linking Approaches from Ecological and Human Toxicology incorporates extensive reviews of exposure to toxicants, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, toxicity of mixtures, and risk assessment. The book examines developments in both fields, compares and contrasts their current state of the art, and identifies where one field can learn from the other. Each chapter provides an essential overview of the state of the art in both human and ecotoxicological mixture risk assessment, focusing on the work published in the last fifteen years. The coverage progresses from exposure to risk assessment, at each step identifying the special complications typically raised by mixtures. Based on in-depth discussions among specialists representing different disciplines and approaches, the chapters each address: Exposure -- how to quantify the amounts of chemicals that may enter the living organism Kinetics, dynamics, and metabolism -- how the chemicals enter an organism, travel within the organism, how they are metabolized and reach the target site, and explain development of toxicity with time Toxicity -- what are the chemicals' detrimental effects on the organism Test design and complex mixture characterization -- how chemicals interact, how to measure effects of mixtures, and how to identify responsible chemicals Risk assessment -- how to assess for risks in humans and the environment An unusual combination of different points of view on exposure to and risk assessment of chemical mixtures, this book summarizes current knowledge on combined effects of toxicant mixtures, information that is generally only available in a very fragmented form as individual journal papers. It identifies possible crosslinks and includes recommendations for mutual developments that can improve the state of knowledge on mixture toxicity and ultimately lead to better and more integrated risk assessment. Full Product DetailsAuthor: Cornelis A. M. van Gestel , Martijs Jonker , Jan E. Kammenga , Ryszard LaskowskiPublisher: Taylor & Francis Inc Imprint: CRC Press Inc Dimensions: Width: 15.60cm , Height: 2.20cm , Length: 23.40cm Weight: 0.589kg ISBN: 9781439830086ISBN 10: 1439830088 Pages: 320 Publication Date: 01 November 2010 Audience: College/higher education , General/trade , Tertiary & Higher Education , General Format: Hardback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: In Print  This item will be ordered in for you from one of our suppliers. Upon receipt, we will promptly dispatch it out to you. For in store availability, please contact us. Table of ContentsExposure. Introduction. Emission Scenarios. Interactions Affecting Availability and Exposure to Chemical Mixtures. Environmental Fate Modeling. Exposure Scenarios and Monitoring. Summary and Conclusions. Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics. Introduction. Fundamental Principles. Toxicokinetics. Toxicodynamics. Toxicity from Combined Exposure to Chemicals. Introduction. Approaches to Mixture Effect Assessment. Mechanisms and mixture effects. The predictability of mixture effects – a brief review. Defining Determinants of Synergistic Mixture Effects. Mixture Effects at Low Levels. What About the Real World? Test Design, Mixture Characterization and Data Evaluation. Introduction. Testing Aims. Concentration Addition and Independent Action: Empirical Modeling. Technical Issues and Pitfalls. Component-Based Approaches, Test Designs and Methods. Whole Mixture Approaches, Test Designs and Methods. Case Studies. Risk Assessment. Introduction. Typical Features of Mixture Assessment. State of the Art in Mixture Assessment. Conceptual Framework for Human and Ecological Risk Assessment of Mixtures. Issues in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment of Mixtures. Appendix. Glossary.ReviewsAuthor Informationvan Gestel, Cornelis A. M.; Jonker, Martijs; Kammenga, Jan E.; Laskowski, Ryszard; Svendsen, Claus Tab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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