Overview

This book is the first study to consider the extraordinary manuscript now known as the Carrara Herbal (British Library, Egerton 2020) within the complex network of medical, artistic and intellectual traditions from which it emerged. The manuscript contains an illustrated, vernacular copy of the thirteenth-century pharmacopeia by Ibn Sarābī, an Arabic-speaking Christian physician working in al-Andalus known in the West as Serapion the Younger. By 1290, Serapion’s treatise was available in Latin translation and circulated widely in medical schools across the Italian peninsula. Commissioned in the late fourteenth century by the prince of Padua, Francesco II ‘il Novello’ da Carrara (r. 1390–1405), the Carrara Herbal attests to the growing presence of Arabic medicine both inside and outside of the University. Its contents speak to the Carrara family’s historic role as patrons and protectors of the Studium, yet its form – a luxury book in Paduan dialect adorned with family heraldry and stylistically diverse representations of plants – locates it in court culture. In particular, the manuscript’s form connects Serapion’s treatise to patterns of book collection and rhetorics of self-making encouraged by humanists and practiced by Francesco’s ancestors. Beginning with Petrarch (1304–74) and continuing with Pier Paolo Vergerio (ca. 1369–1444), humanists held privileged positions in the Carrara court, and humanist culture vied with the University’s successes for leading roles in Carrara self-promotion. With the other illustrated books in the prince’s collection, the Herbal negotiated these traditional arenas of family patronage and brought them into confluence, promoting Francesco as an ideal ‘physician prince’ capable of ensuring the moral and physical health of Padua. Considered in this way, the Carrara Herbal is the product of an intersection between the Pan-Mediterranean transmission of medical knowle

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Reviews

'Kyle's work represents a significant contribution to the history of the circulation of knowledge and ideas, being of great interest for historians of science (medicine in particular), art historians, and scholars of humanism... Kyle's research goes beyond the object in discovering a whole world of connections, themes, and patterns within an intricate network of medical, artistic, and intellectual knowledge that could only be found and analyzed by an acute and detective-minded scholar' - ISIS (Volume 110: 4, December 2019). 'The study draws on textual and artistic sources, humanist and antique writings by men of letters (mostly Petrarch) and by physicians, providing a fine compendium of original sources for the topics discussed... Kyle's study provides a novel insight into understanding the Carrara Herbal 's genesis from the ideologies of court culture and medicine as well as its status within them. In particular, it generates perspectives for a better understanding of similar health book commissions, to name only the Tacuina sanitatis, created for the rival court of the Visconti dynasty at Milan. It will therefore find readers among those interested in art history and history of the book as well as in the history of sciences and medicine' - Renaissance Quarterly (Volume LXXI, No. 3) 'With respect to the topic relating medicine to Humanism, the relevant sections - the bulk of the book - are erudite, carefully referenced and are an important addition to studies of Humanism in late Medieval Italy' - Garden History (45:2). 'Kyle's extensive exploration starts from the Carrara Herbal as an object, and her investigation of its various contexts makes her cross and recross the boundaries between art history, the study of humanism, and the history of medicine ... The erudition that underpins this study is massive, and ranges widely in terms of subjects as well as a long way back in history' - Nuncius (33; 2018). 'Sarah Kyle's Medicine and Humanism in Late Medieval Italy: The Carrara Herbal is the delightful and useful first book of a young scholar... Kyle is an art historian at the University of Central Oklahoma with a penchant for interdisciplinarity. She is at her best writing about art history, something that she does with remarkable clarity in beautiful prose. She is equally remarkable at tackling medical history subjects... Overall, Kyle has managed to produce a good first book, which will be useful to American undergraduates, and will delight more experienced researchers with its interdisciplinary flair' - British Journal for the History of Science (51:1; 2018). '... Kyle gelingt es durch eine bemerkenswerte Literaturrecherche eindrucksvoll, die diversen Quellen, Traditionsstrange, das kulturelle und hoefische Umfeld, das wissenschaftliche Milieu und die kunstlerischen Kontexte der einzigartigen Handschrift zu entschlusseln. Das wahre Verstandnis des Herbariums ist, folgt man ihr, nur moeglich, wenn man den Inhalt mit weiteren zeitgenoessischen Paduaner Manuskripten korreliert und als programmatischen Anspruch einer umfassenden hoefischen Kultur interpretiert. Padua wurde in dieser Hinsicht, was die Selbstinszenierung und kulturelle Konstruktion der Herrscherfamilie betraf, sogar fur die Florentiner Medici, geschweige denn viele kleinere Signorien in Oberitalien zum Vorbild' - Zeitschrift fur Historische Forschung 45, 2018. (In English translation: '... Kyle impressively succeeds, through remarkable research into the literature, in deciphering this unique manuscript's diverse sources, strands of tradition, cultural and courtly environment, scientific milieu, and artistic contexts. The true understanding of the herbal, to follow her argument, is possible only if one correlates the content with additional contemporary Paduan manuscripts and interprets it as a programmatic claim of an extensive courtly culture. In this respect, as regards the self-presentation and cultural construction of the ruling [Carrara] family, Padua became the model not only for the many smaller signorie in northern Italy, but even for the Florentine Medici'). 'Kyle's work represents a significant contribution to the history of the circulation of knowledge and ideas, being of great interest for historians of science (medicine in particular), art historians, and scholars of humanism-as its title indeed suggests. It is therefore not just a herbal, and Kyle's research goes beyond the object in discovering a whole world of connections, themes, and patterns within an intricate networkof medical, artistic, and intellectual knowledge that could only be found and analyzed by an acute and detective-minded scholar.' - Dr. Raffaella Bruzzone. 'This book represents the first major study of London, British Library, MS Egerton 2020. Better known as the Herbarium Carrara (the Carrara Herbal), it is an ambitious translation from Latin into Italian-Paduan dialect, to be specific-of the Libro dei Semplici (The Book of Simple Medicaments) by Ibn Sarabi, the mid-thirteenth-century Christian physician better known in the West as Serapion the Younger... Sarah Kyle's analysis of the material within the framework of the long tradition of Latin translations of Serapion opens the way for her to examine the manuscript's origins in depth.' - Speculum 95/2 (April 2020).

'Kyle's work represents a significant contribution to the history of the circulation of knowledge and ideas, being of great interest for historians of science (medicine in particular), art historians, and scholars of humanism... Kyle's research goes beyond the object in discovering a whole world of connections, themes, and patterns within an intricate network of medical, artistic, and intellectual knowledge that could only be found and analyzed by an acute and detective-minded scholar' - ISIS (Volume 110: 4, December 2019). 'The study draws on textual and artistic sources, humanist and antique writings by men of letters (mostly Petrarch) and by physicians, providing a fine compendium of original sources for the topics discussed... Kyle's study provides a novel insight into understanding the Carrara Herbal 's genesis from the ideologies of court culture and medicine as well as its status within them. In particular, it generates perspectives for a better understanding of similar health book commissions, to name only the Tacuina sanitatis, created for the rival court of the Visconti dynasty at Milan. It will therefore find readers among those interested in art history and history of the book as well as in the history of sciences and medicine' - Renaissance Quarterly (Volume LXXI, No. 3) 'With respect to the topic relating medicine to Humanism, the relevant sections - the bulk of the book - are erudite, carefully referenced and are an important addition to studies of Humanism in late Medieval Italy' - Garden History (45:2). 'Kyle's extensive exploration starts from the Carrara Herbal as an object, and her investigation of its various contexts makes her cross and recross the boundaries between art history, the study of humanism, and the history of medicine ... The erudition that underpins this study is massive, and ranges widely in terms of subjects as well as a long way back in history' - Nuncius (33; 2018). 'Sarah Kyle's Medicine and Humanism in Late Medieval Italy: The Carrara Herbal is the delightful and useful first book of a young scholar... Kyle is an art historian at the University of Central Oklahoma with a penchant for interdisciplinarity. She is at her best writing about art history, something that she does with remarkable clarity in beautiful prose. She is equally remarkable at tackling medical history subjects... Overall, Kyle has managed to produce a good first book, which will be useful to American undergraduates, and will delight more experienced researchers with its interdisciplinary flair' - British Journal for the History of Science (51:1; 2018). '... Kyle gelingt es durch eine bemerkenswerte Literaturrecherche eindrucksvoll, die diversen Quellen, Traditionsstrange, das kulturelle und hoefische Umfeld, das wissenschaftliche Milieu und die kunstlerischen Kontexte der einzigartigen Handschrift zu entschlusseln. Das wahre Verstandnis des Herbariums ist, folgt man ihr, nur moeglich, wenn man den Inhalt mit weiteren zeitgenoessischen Paduaner Manuskripten korreliert und als programmatischen Anspruch einer umfassenden hoefischen Kultur interpretiert. Padua wurde in dieser Hinsicht, was die Selbstinszenierung und kulturelle Konstruktion der Herrscherfamilie betraf, sogar fur die Florentiner Medici, geschweige denn viele kleinere Signorien in Oberitalien zum Vorbild' - Zeitschrift fur Historische Forschung 45, 2018. (In English translation: '... Kyle impressively succeeds, through remarkable research into the literature, in deciphering this unique manuscript's diverse sources, strands of tradition, cultural and courtly environment, scientific milieu, and artistic contexts. The true understanding of the herbal, to follow her argument, is possible only if one correlates the content with additional contemporary Paduan manuscripts and interprets it as a programmatic claim of an extensive courtly culture. In this respect, as regards the self-presentation and cultural construction of the ruling [Carrara] family, Padua became the model not only for the many smaller signorie in northern Italy, but even for the Florentine Medici'). 'Kyle's work represents a significant contribution to the history of the circulation of knowledge and ideas, being of great interest for historians of science (medicine in particular), art historians, and scholars of humanism-as its title indeed suggests. It is therefore not just a herbal, and Kyle's research goes beyond the object in discovering a whole world of connections, themes, and patterns within an intricate networkof medical, artistic, and intellectual knowledge that could only be found and analyzed by an acute and detective-minded scholar.' - Dr. Raffaella Bruzzone. 'This book represents the first major study of London, British Library, MS Egerton 2020. Better known as the Herbarium Carrara (the Carrara Herbal), it is an ambitious translation from Latin into Italian-Paduan dialect, to be specific-of the Libro dei Semplici (The Book of Simple Medicaments) by Ibn Sarabi, the mid-thirteenth-century Christian physician better known in the West as Serapion the Younger... Sarah Kyle's analysis of the material within the framework of the long tradition of Latin translations of Serapion opens the way for her to examine the manuscript's origins in depth.' - Speculum 95/2 (April 2020).

Author Information

Sarah R. Kyle is an associate professor of Humanities at the University of Central Oklahoma, USA

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