Overview

Mass movements and social protest forced mid-century Republicans to articulate their own form of liberalism As poor and working people organized themselves on the job, in the streets, and at the polls during the mid-twentieth century, they forced Republicans to reckon with new demands for political and social citizenship in big cities across the Northeast, Midwest, and Pacific Coast. While rightwing Republicans mobilized to crush those movements, Making Republicans Liberal explores how another wing of the party responded to intensifying mass movement pressure. Beginning in the 1930s, Republican governors such as Earl Warren of California, George Romney of Michigan, and Nelson Rockefeller of New York spent the next four decades articulating their own vision of liberalism. These Republican liberals believed that strategically they could not win elections and govern in places where unions, civil rights groups, and other social movements organized voters. What may have begun as an opportunistic strategy soon mutated into an ideological commitment to use state power to realize working people’s demands for a greater say, and stake, in the decisions governing their lives. Republican liberals accepted labor’s right to organize, legislated antidiscrimination laws, and legalized abortion. Yet at the same time, each of those policies proved weaker than the alternatives supported by organized labor or mainline civil rights groups and paled in comparison to what people on strike and on the march really wanted. Kristoffer Smemo shows how this was the contradiction of Republican liberalism as a policy program and as an ideology. The reforms it ushered in at once asked too much from core, conservative Republican constituencies and offered too little to the movements struggling for change. As the movements making Republicans compromise fragmented and collapsed in the late twentieth century, so too did the material foundation for Republican liberalism.

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9781512826234

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Reviews

"""Brilliantly weaving together high politics and social movements and moving seamlessly between national, state, and local arenas, Kristoffer Smemo’s Making Republicans Liberal provides an authoritative account of the rise and fall of the mid-twentieth-century liberal Republicans while casting new light on a host of vital policy areas. A must-read for anyone interested in party politics in the twentieth-century United States."" * Mason Williams, co-editor of Shaped by the State: Toward a New Political History of the Twentieth Century * ""Looking back from a polarized present, midcentury liberal Republicans get remembered (if at all) as avatars of a more genteel politics. Kristoffer Smemo convincingly punctures that veneer, showing how northern liberal Republicans’ politics of compromise depended on the power of the organized working class that they sought to accommodate. Smemo has the rare talent both to grasp the game of politics, and to put all the machinations in social context. The result is a triumph, a superb political history that speaks also to work in American political development and social movements."" * Daniel Schlozman, author of When Movements Anchor Parties: Electoral Alignments in American History *"

Author Information

Kristoffer Smemo teaches Labor Studies at UCLA.

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