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JULIANA -- THE TEXT -- THE Old English life of St. Juliana has been preserved in a single manuscript, the Codex Exoniensis or Exeter Book, written about two centurib after the composition of the poem. This volume formed part of a bequest made by Leofric, first Bishop of Exeter, to Exeter Cathedral. From his name, Leofric 1 seems to have been of English birth, but he was educated in Lotharingia. He became a chaplain to Edward the Confessor, and probably came to England with the king in 1042. In 1046 he was made Bishop of Crediton comprising the sees of Devon and Cornwall in I 050, with the consent of the king and of the Pope, he transferred his seat to Exeter, on the ground that the latter city was more secure from the attacks of pirates. He died in I 072. On coming to Exeter, Leofric found the congregation poor, and the Cathedral despoiled of its estates and almost unprovided with books, vestments, and sacred utensils. For a time, it is said, he fed the congregation at his own expense, and he came to the aid of the Cathe- dral with splendid generosity. Besides recovering many 1 For his life, see Warren, 23s Lcofric Mirral, pp. xix-xxvi, and the Dict. Nut. Bior. 2 For the doument recording Leofrics gifts, see Dugdale, Monasticon, ii. 257 with Latin translation Kemble, Cod. Dipl. iv. 274-276 no. 940 see also Warren, Th6 Lsofric Miral, pp. xxi-xxiv I of the alienated estates, he bestowed on it much land of his own. Further, he gave the Cathedral an ivory altar, ivory croziers, silver chalices, a silver censer, bells and banners, vestments and altar-cloths, and books to the number of sixty-one, thirty-one in English, and thirty in Latin. The list of these is still. extant they consistmainly of service-books, portions of the Bible including the Gospels in English and theological works. Ten of these volumes are still preserved elsewhere in England one, and one only, remains in the possession of the Cathedral. This is the work designated in the list as i mycel engliJc boc be gehwylcum pingum on leoawian geworht, that is, one great English book on various subjects composed in verse, and now known as the Exeter Book. Since Leofrics time leaves from both the beginning and end of the book have disappeared.1 There now re- main 123 leaves, or 246 pages, numbered from 8 to I 3ob, of the original manuscript seven other leaves have been prefixed at a comparatively modern time. In the interior of the book one leaf has been cut out between 37 and 38. The first and last pages are nearly illegible, owing to damages sustained by the manuscript at some period when it was unbound j the last twelve leaves are in varying degree marred by a hole, with charred edges, where some bit of ignited wood, or similar substance, has fdlen on the open page. Otherwise the volume is in good condition. The manuscript, which is on vellum, is neatly written, apparently in a single hand, either of the latter part of the tenth,2 or the early part of the eleventh century.3 1 This description ie abridged from that given by Schipper, Germ. xix. 327-329. Vhorpe Miee L. T. Smith articleu Kynewulf in Dict. Nat. Biogr. 8 Schipper Walker, Grundrirr, p. 223. l ntroPunion vii Cook thinks that it may have been prepared under Leofrics own directions. After the manuscript hiid been written, it was corrected by a second hand, in paler ink.l The leaves are 14 cm. in height and I 8 cm. in width about 5 by 7 inches. Afacsimile of part of page 77 the beginning of G of Men may be seen in Thorpe, opposite p. 293...

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