Overview

Cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally, following cardiovascular diseases, despite advancements in treatment technology, early detection, and screening procedures. As reported by GLOBOCAN 2018, there were approximately 18.1 million cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer-related deaths worldwide. Statistics indicate that one in every five men and one in every six women develop cancer during their lifetime, with one in every eight men and one in every eleven women succumbing to the disease. The rising number of cancer cases can be attributed to various factors, including population growth, aging, and changes in the prevalence of specific cancer-causing factors associated with social and economic development. This trend is particularly evident in rapidly growing economies and industrialized countries characterized by specific lifestyles. Recent data from the National Cancer Institute in the United States reveals that gastrointestinal (GI) cancers rank among the top ten cancers worldwide. Within the realm of GI diseases, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the primary cause of death, followed by pancreatic and liver cancers. Consequently, GI cancer incidence remains uncontrolled and is projected to increase globally, even in countries with advanced healthcare systems. In light of this, chemoprevention emerges as a crucial strategy in the battle against cancer, given its paramount importance in reducing the global cancer risk. One of the defining characteristics of cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and the presence of tumor cells that have acquired genetic damage, specifically affecting genes responsible for regulating cell cycles. It is widely acknowledged that there exists a direct correlation between them.

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