Overview

The second edition of Introduction to Mineralogy follows the highly successful first edition, which become an overnight market leader. Introduction to Mineralogy consolidates much of the material now covered in traditional mineralogy and optical mineralogy courses and focuses on describing minerals within their geologic context. It presents the important traditional content of mineralogy including crystallography, chemical bonding, controls on mineral structure, mineral stability, and crystal growth to provide a foundation that enables students to understand the nature and occurrence of minerals. Physical, optical, and X-ray powder diffraction techniques of mineral study are described in detail, and common chemical analytical methods are outlined as well. Detailed descriptions of over 100 common minerals are provided, and the geologic context within which these minerals occur is emphasized. Appendices provide tables and diagrams to help students with mineral identification, using both physical and optical properties. Numerous line drawings, photographs, and photomicrographs help make complex concepts understandable. Introduction to Mineralogy is available with Daniel Schulze's An Atlas of Minerals in Thin Section for a nominal additional fee. NEW TO THIS EDITION: -New 2-color design to clarify information hierarchy and presentation -Expanded selection of mineral photos -Improved presentation of physical properties of minerals in chapter 1 -Updated mineral descriptions -New coverage of minerals and health

Full Product Details

Author:   William Nesse
Publisher:   Oxford University Press
Imprint:   Oxford University Press Inc
Edition:   2nd edition
Dimensions:   Width: 21.10cm , Height: 4.00cm , Length: 28.30cm
Weight:   1.630kg
ISBN:  

9780199827381

ISBN 10:   0199827389
Pages:   448
Publication Date:   13 August 2011
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Undergraduate
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   In Print  
Limited stock is available. It will be ordered for you and shipped pending supplier's limited stock.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. IntroductionMineralsMineraloidsMineralogyMineral NomenclatureGeneral References on MineralogyReferences Cited and Suggestions for Additional ReadingChapter 2. CrystallographyIntroductionTranslational SymmetryPlane LatticesTranslational Symmetry: 3-DSpace Lattices and Unit CellBravais Lattices & Crystal SystemsPoint SymmetryReflectionRotationInversionCompound Symmetry OperationsSymmetry Notation32 Point GroupsSteno's LawMeasurement of Crystal AnglesDetermining Crystal System and Crystal ClassSpace GroupsCrystal FacesLaws of Hauy and BravaisMiller IndicesIndices and Crystal Axes in the Hexagonal Crystal SystemDetermining Miller IndexAssigning Miller Indexes by InspectionCrystallographic DirectionsZonesCrystal FormsIsometric FormsNon-isometric FormsCombining Crystal FormsEnantiomorphous Forms and CrystalsPositive and Negative FormsForms in the Six Crystal SystemsTriclinic Crystal SystemMonoclinic Crystal SystemOrthorhombic Crystal SystemTetragonal Crystal SystemHexagonal Crystal SystemIsometric Crystal SystemCrystal HabitReferences Cited and Suggestions for Additional ReadingChapter 3 Crystal ChemistryIntroductionThe Nature of Chemical ElementsNucleusElectronsFormation of IonsAbundance of the ElementsChemical BondingValence-related bondingRelation among the Valence-dependent BondsBonds Not Involving Valence ElectronsSize of Atoms and IonsOxidation StateCoordinationReferences Cited and Suggestions for Additional ReadingChapter 4: Crystal StructureIntroductionControls of Crystal StructureStructure Controls with Metallic BondingStructure Controls with Covalent BondingStructural Controls with Molecular CrystalsStructure Controls with Ionic BondingApplication of Pauling's RulesIllustrating Mineral StructuresIsostructural MineralsPolymorphismReconstructive PolymorphismDisplacive PolymorphismOrder-Disorder PolymorphismPolytypismMineral ClassificationCompositional Variation in MineralsSubstitutional Solid Solution 4.30Mineral FormulasGraphical RepresentationBinary diagrams Ternary diagramsReferences Cited & Suggestions for Additional ReadingChapter 5: Mineral GrowthIntroductionMineral Stability 5.3Stability 5.3Gibbs Free Energy 5.4Mineral reactions 5.6Mineral Nucleation 5.9Homogeneous Nucleation 5.9Heterogeneous nucleation 5.15Crystal Growth. 5.16Rate of growth 5.18Zoned Crystals 5.21Structural Defects 5.25Point Defects 5.26Line Defects 5.28Planar Defects 5.31Twinning 5.33Post-crystallization Processes 5.40Ordering 5.40Twinning 5.41Recrystallization 5.41Exsolution 5.43Radioactivity and Minerals 5.45References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 5.51Section II: Mineral Properties, Study, and IdentificationChapter 6: Physical Properties of Minerals 6.1Introduction 6.2Mass Dependent Properties 6.2Density 6.2Specific Gravity 6.3Properties Related to Mechanical Cohesion 6.7Hardness 6.7Tenacity 6.10Cleavage 6.10Fracture 6.12Parting 6.13Color and Luster 6.14Light 6.14Perception of Color 6.15Mineral Luster 6.17Mineral Color 6.18Color From Mechanical Causes 6.25Consistency of Mineral Color 6.27Streak 6.27Luminescence 6.28Magnetism 6.31Diamagnetism 6.32Paramagnetism 6.33Ferromagnetism 6.34Ferrimagnetism 6.35Electrical Properties 6.37Electrical Conductivity 6.37Piezoelectricity 6.38Pyroelectricity 6.40Miscellaneous Properties 6.41References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 6.43Chapter 7: Optical Mineralogy 7.1Introduction 7.3Light 7.4Light Waves 7.4Polarized Light 7.6Interaction of Light and Matter 7.7Optically Isotropic vs. Anisotropic Materials 7.8Reflection and Refraction 7.9Dispersion 7.11Petrographic Microscope 7.11Illuminator 7.12Substage Assembly 7.12Microscope Stage 7.14Objective Lenses 7.14Upper Polarizer 7.15Bertrand Lens 7.16Oculars 7.16Focusing Mechanism 7.18Accessories 7.18Direction Conventions 7.19Isotropic Materials 7.19Anisotropic Minerals 7.21Interference Phenomena 7.22Use of the Interference Color Chart 7.28Extinction 7.32Function of Accessory Plates 7.33Optical Indicatrix 7.38Isotropic Indicatrix 7.39Uniaxial Indicatrix 7.40Biaxial Indicatrix 7.45Mineral Color & Pleochroism 7.51Isotropic Minerals 7.51Uniaxial Minerals 7.52Biaxial 7.52Extinction Angle and Sign of Elongation 7.53Extinction Angle 7.53Sign of Elongation 7.54Categories of Extinction 7.55Extinction in Uniaxial Minerals 7.57Extinction in Biaxial Minerals 7.58Interference Figures 7.59Uniaxial Interference Figures 7.59Biaxial Interference Figure 7.63Refractometry: Measurement of Index of Refraction 7.75Immersion Method 7.75Refractometry in Thin Section 7.81Isotropic Minerals 7.82Uniaxial Minerals 7.82Biaxial Minerals 7.84Reflected-Light Optics 7.87Observation in Plane Polarized Light 7.88Observations with Crossed Polarizers 7.89Tactics for Mineral Identification 7.90Thin section identification 7.91Grain Mount Identification 7.94Polished section identification 7.96References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 7.98Chapter 8. Introduction to X-ray Crystallography 8.1Introduction 8.2X-rays 8.3X-ray Generation 8.3X-ray Detection 8.6X-ray Diffraction 8.8Powder Method 8.10Sample Preparation 8.10Instrumental Output 8.11Data Reduction 8.13Powder Diffraction File 8.14Bragg Reflection Indices 8.15Mineral Identification 8.16Mixed Samples 8.20Estimation of Relative Mineral Abundance 8.21Estimation of Composition 8.21Determining Unit Cell Parameters 8.22References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 8.23Chapter 9. Chemical Analysis of Minerals 9.1Introduction 9.2Analytical Methods 9.2Wet Chemical 9.2Electron Probe Microanalysis 9.3X-ray Fluorescence 9.6Mass Spectrometry 9.7Conventions in Reporting Chemical Analyses 9.8Conversion of Chemical Analyses to Structural Formulas 9.11References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 9.15Chapter 10. Strategies for Study 10.1Introduction 10.2Mineral Identification Tactics 10.3Mineral Separation 10.3Hand Sample Identification 10.8Thin Section Identification 10.10Grain Mount Identification 10.12Polished Section Identification 10.13X-ray Diffraction 10.13Mineral Association 10.14Problems in Paradise 10.15References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 10.17Index 10.20Section III: Mineral DescriptionsChapter 11. Silicates 11.1Introduction 11.2Silicate Structure and Classification 11.3Mafic vs. Felsic 11.5Igneous Rocks 11.6Magmatic Processes 11.11Igneous Environments 11.14Terrigenous Sedimentary Rocks 11.17Sedimentary Processes 11.19Sedimentary Environments 11.24Metamorphic Rocks 11.27Metamorphic Variables 11.28Metamorphic Processes 11.31Metamorphic Grade, Facies, Mineral Zone Boundaries and Isograds 11.34Major Compositional Groups of Metamorphic Rocks 11.36Metamorphic Environments 11.39References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 11.43Chapter 12: Framework Silicates 12.1Introduction 12.2Silica Group 12.3Quartz 12.5Tridymite 12.13Cristobalite 12.17Feldspar Group 12.21Composition 12.21Structure 12.22Al/Si Order/Disorder 12.23Exsolution in the Feldspars 12.29Other Feldspar Intergrowths 12.31Twinning 12.33Plagioclase 12.35K-Feldspar 12.48Feldspathoids 12.61Nepheline 12.61Leucite 12.66Sodalite 12.69Zeolite Group 12.72Scapolite 12.80References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 12.84Chapter 13 Sheet Silicates 13.1Introduction 13.2Structure and Classification 13.21:1 Layer Silicates 13.62:1 Layer Silicates 13.6Polytypism 13.9TO Structures (1:1) 13.10Serpentine (Antigorite, Chrysotile, Lizardite) 13.10Kaolinite: 13.17TOT Structures (2:1) 13.18Talc 13.18Pyrophyllite 13.21TOT + c Structures: Mica Minerals (2:1) 13.24Muscovite 13.24Biotite 13.30Glauconite 13.34TOT + c Structures: Brittle Micas (2:1) 13.38Margarite 13.38Clintonite 13.40TOT + O Structure 13.43Chlorite 13.43Clay Minerals 13.47Structure and Classification 13.50Geology of Clay 13.54Identification 13.55Uses 13.57Clay in the Environment 13.58Other Sheet Silicates 13.60Stilpnomelane 13.60Prehnite 13.63Chapter 14. Chain Silicates 14.1Introduction 14.2Pyroxene group 14.2Structure and Classification 14.2Geology of Pyroxenes 14.5Orthopyroxene 14.9Lo-Ca Clinopyroxene 14.13Calcic Clinopyroxene 14.16Aegirine (Acmite), Aegirine-augite 14.21Jadeite 14.25Omphacite 14.28Spodumene 14.31Pyroxenoid Group 14.34Introduction 14.34Wollastonite 14.35Rhodonite 14.38Pectolite 14.40Amphibole Group 14.43Structure and Classification 14.43Geology of Amphiboles 14.47Orthoamphibole 14.48Cummingtonite-Grunerite 14.52Tremolite - Ferro-actinolite 14.56Hornblende 14.59Glaucophane - Riebeckite 14.64Other amphiboles 14.68References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 14.70Chapter 15. Disilicates and Ring Silicates 15.1Disilicates 15.2Structure & Classification 15.2Zoisite 15.4Clinozoisite-Epidote 15.7Allanite 15.11Lawsonite 15.14Pumpellyite 15.17Ring Silicates 15.20Structure & Classification 15.21Beryl 15.21Cordierite 15.25Tourmaline 15.29References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 15.35Chapter 16. Orthosilicates 16.1Introduction 16.2Olivine Group 16.3Garnet Group 16.10Zircon 16.15Aluminum Silicates 16.20Andalusite 16.24Sillimanite 16.28Kyanite 16.30Staurolite 16.34Chloritoid 16.38Titanite 16.42Topaz 16.46References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 16.50Chapter 17. Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Borates, Tungstates, and Molybdates 17.1Structure and Classification 17.2Carbonates 17.3Rhombohedral Carbonates (Calcite and Dolomite Groups) 17.3Calcite 17.6Magnesite 17.12Siderite 17.15Rhodochrosite 17.18Dolomite-Ankerite 17.21Aragonite Group 17.26Aragonite 17.26Witherite 17.30Strontianite 17.32OH-Bearing Carbonates 17.35Malachite 17.36Azurite 17.38Sulfates 17.41Gypsum 17.42Anhydrite 17.46Barite 17.49Phosphates 17.53Apatite 17.54Monazite 17.59Xenotime 17.62Tourquoise 17.65Tungstates and Molybdates 17.68Borates 17.70References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 17.72Chapter 18. Oxides, Hydroxides, and Halides 18.1Introduction 18.2Oxides 18.2X2O Group 18.3Cuprite 18.3Ice 18.6XO Group 18.8XY2O4 Minerals 18.9Spinel Group 18.9Magnetite 18.11Chromite 18.16Spinel Series 18.18Chrysoberyl 18.21X2O3 Group 18.23Hematite 18.24Corundum 18.27Ilmenite 18.31XO2 Group 18.34Rutile 18.35Cassiterite 18.38Uraninite 18.41Hydroxides 18.43Brucite 18.45Iron Hydroxide Minerals 18.47Aluminum Hydroxide Minerals 18.48Manganese Oxide and Hydroxide Minerals 18.50Halides 18.53Halite 18.53Sylvite 18.56Fluorite 18.59References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 18.62Chapter 19. Sulfides and Related Minerals 19.1Introduction 19.2Crystal Chemistry & Classification 19.2Sulfide Paragenesis 19.4Hydrothermal Deposits 19.4Supergene Processes 19.8Sulfide Minerals 19.10Sphalerite 19.11Galena 19.14Pyrrhotite 19.16Chalcopyrite 19.19Cinnabar 19.22Pyrite 19.25Marcasite 19.29Molybdenite 19.31Bornite 19.34Chalcocite 19.36Covellite 19.38Sulfarsenides 19.41Arsenopyrite 19.41Arsenides 19.43Tellurides 19.44References Cited and Suggestions for Additional Reading 19.45Chapter 20. Native Elements 20.1Introduction 20.2Metals 20.2Gold 20.4Silver 20.7Copper 20.9Semimetals 20.11Nonmetals 20.11Sulfur 20.11Graphite 20.16Diamond 20.18References Cited and Suggestions for Reading 20.22AppendicesAppendix A. Effective Ionic Radii of the ElementsAppendix B. Determinative Tables Table B.1. Non-metallic minerals with white, gray, or other pale colored streak. Table B.2. Non-metallic minerals with distinctly colored streak. Table B.3. Minerals with metallic and submetallic luster. Table B.4. Specific gravity. Table B.5. Minerals that may fluoresce. Table B.6. Color of minerals in thin section and grain mount. Table B.7. Indices of refraction of isotropic minerals Table B.8. Indices of refraction of uniaxial minerals. Table B9. Indices of refraction of biaxial negative minerals arranged in order of increasing n?. Table B.10. Indices of refraction of biaxial positive minerals arranged in order of increasing n?. Table B.11. Minerals that produce pleochroic halos in surrounding minerals. Table B.12. Colors exhibited by opaque minerals in polished section viewed in air. Table B.13. Opaque or nearly opaque minerals that display internal reflections with reflected light.Appendix C. Mineral Associations Table C1. Mineralogy of Common Igneous Rocks Table C2. Mineralogy of Sedimentary Rocks Table C3. Mineralogy of Common Metamorphic Rocks Table C4. Mineralogy of Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits

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William D. Nesse is the Chair and Professor of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Northern Colorado.

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