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OverviewThis book follows the citizenship-based approach and interrogates the policies on urban village redevelopment from a perspective of social exclusion and inclusion. It focuses on two questions: how policy makers and urban villagers understand social inclusion differently, and what makes a difference in enhancing social inclusion. Firstly, an examination of citizenship conceptions, as reflected in the Chinese traditional discourses, provides the basis for questioning the political rhetoric of social inclusion in China. Secondly, a comparison between policy makers’ and villages’ interpretations on urban citizenship helps explore the different understandings of citizenship between them. Finally, by studying six redeveloped urban villages in the city of Xi’an, the book identifies what villagers strive for, and discusses how their strivings make a difference in achieving social inclusion during urban village redevelopment. Full Product DetailsAuthor: Xiaoqing ZhangPublisher: Springer Verlag, Singapore Imprint: Springer Verlag, Singapore Edition: 1st ed. 2021 Weight: 0.454kg ISBN: 9789813361195ISBN 10: 9813361190 Pages: 215 Publication Date: 08 April 2021 Audience: Professional and scholarly , Professional & Vocational Format: Hardback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: Manufactured on demand  We will order this item for you from a manufactured on demand supplier. Table of ContentsChapter 1 Urban Village Redevelopment: The Paradox of Social Inclusion1.1 Introduction1.2 Urban Village and its Development in Xi’an1.2.1 Making sense of the urban village in China1.2.2 Taking Xi’an as the case study city1.3 Urban Village Redevelopment: From Exclusion to Inclusion1.3.1 Urban village and inclusion1.3.2 Citizenship: an alternative approach beyond economic dimension1.4 The Paradox of Social Inclusion: Some Clarifications1.5 Research Methods1.5.1 Selection of study cases1.5.2 Interviewing1.5.3 Questionnaires1.6 Plan of the BookThis chapter explains why the urban village redevelopment in Xi’an is worthyof study and justified the use of citizenship as the key concept to study socialexclusion and inclusion.Chapter 2 From Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion: Where doesCitizenship Fit in?2.1 Introduction: A Short History of Concept Evolvement2.2 The Meanings of Social Exclusion2.2.1 Definitions: who, what, and how2.2.2 Social exclusion in China2.3 The Meanings of Citizenship2.3.1 Citizenship as a Western conception2.3.2 Theorising Chinese citizenship2.4 From Exclusion to Inclusion2.4.1 The importance of citizenship2.4.2 The importance of “sense of inclusion”2.5 Conclusion: The Theoretical FrameworkThis Chapter discusses how the concepts of social exclusion/inclusion andcitizenship can be adapted in China, and where citizenship fits in thediscourse of inclusion. Social exclusion in China is more than a matter ofeconomic disadvantages but is also an expression of incomplete citizenshipand rights deprivation. The interpretation of Chinese citizenship can beexplored in four aspects: first, citizenship as membership is closely related tothe household registration system in China; second, citizenship as rights andobligations in China incorporates a strong sense of Confucianism; third,citizenship as identity closely links to an individual’s sense of inclusion;fourthly, citizenship as the process of right extension is an emerging focus.The four aspects also provide the analytical framework for the followingchapters.Chapter 3. Government’s Understanding of Social Inclusion3.1 Introduction3.2 From Buildings to People: What is Inclusion?3.3 Citizenship as Membership: Gongmin, Renmin, Jumin, or Shimin?3.4 Citizenship as Rights, or as Compensation?3.5 Citizenship as the Process of Struggle for Rights, or as Benevolence?3.6 ConclusionThis chapter explores how the notion of social inclusion is understood by theXi’an government and its implication on citizenship as membership, as rights,and as the process of struggle for rights. Influenced by the Chinese traditionalphilosophies, the local government’s interpretation on inclusion mainly focuson “urban membership” with associated social benefits, and villagers areconsidered as passive actors who receive benefits out of governors’benevolence. This interpretation implies a trade-off, by which villagers aremade to compromise on property rights in exchange for social rights.Chapter 4. Villagers’ Understanding of Social Inclusion4.1 Introduction4.2 Being Urban Citizen: A Socioeconomic Comparison4.2.1 Financial status of urban villagers4.2.2 Living environments and housing facilities4.2.3 Urban standards? “Look at what we had before redevelopments”4.3 Citizenship as Identity: Urbanite, Farmer, Somewhere in between4.4 Being Urban Citizen: What the Villagers Strive for?4.5 ConclusionThis chapter explores how the notion of inclusion is understood by thevillagers in terms of citizenship as identity and as the process of struggle forrights. In response to the government’s trade-off policy, villagers do not take achange to “urban membership” with associated social benefits as a process ofinclusion. What villagers strive for is not only a fair compensation for asecured livelihood, but also the rights to have a say, and to not beingdisplaced from urban life in renewed centrality.Chapter 5. Making a Difference: Inclusion through Active Participation5.1 Introduction5.2 Village Self-governance: A Foundation for Urban Villagers’ Participation5.2.1 Village autonomy: a rural way of citizen participation5.2.2 Villagers’ participation in the process of urban village redevelopment5.3 Villagers’ Strategies: How Optimised Solutions Achieved?5.3.1 W’s experiences: reciprocal communication5.3.2 X’s experiences: trust and mistrust5.3.3 R’s experiences: the representativeness of village representatives5.4 Some Reflections from Villagers’ Differing Strategies5.4.1 Best practices of villagers’ differing participations5.4.2 Regarding village committees and independent third parties5.4.3 Regarding the mode of governance and the elite few5.5 ConclusionThis chapter continues the discussions on the connection between villagers’interpretation on inclusion and the citizenship in terms of right extension,and explores that how villagers’ participation plays an important role inshaping the course of urban village redevelopment. It demonstrates thatvillagers can act as an active agent in the process of inclusion. It concludesthat optimised solutions can be achieved based on three conditions: afoundation of neighbourhoods’ self-governance, local governments’ neutralstanding-point, and a reciprocal channel of communication and mutual trustamong different stakeholders.Chapter 6. Conclusions: Social Inclusion, Citizenship and Beyond6.1 A Revision of the Key Findings6.1.1 Government’s understanding on social inclusion6.1.2 Villagers’ understanding on social inclusion6.1.3 Villagers’ efforts in creating social inclusion6.2 Theoretical Implications6.2.1 Chinese citizenship6.2.2 Social Inclusion6.3 Reflections on Redevelopment Policies and Urban FutureThis chapter discusses a wider theoretical and practical implications oncitizenship and future urban development in China.ReviewsAuthor InformationXiaoqing Zhang is Lecturer in Public Administration at the Zhejiang Sci-tech University, China. She graduated from University College London with a PhD in Planning Studies. Her research interests include urban regeneration in relation to welfare regimes, and community governance sitting within a broader understanding of local political resources. Tab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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