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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1900 Excerpt: ...retained by the apparatus) are speedily coated in the interior with soapsuds and other organic impurities. These in decomposing give off noxious and dangerous gases, which readily find their way into the apartments in which the fittings are fixed, and thence into the remainder of the house. Better overflows are those which can be cleaned by the insertion of a brush, as in Figs. 228 and 229.---Although the illustrations depict lavatory basins only, the remarks made apply equally to baths, sinks, and valve closets, all of-which are, as a rale, provided with overflow pipes. Lavatories, baths, and sinks are also made with detachable or with self-cleansing overflows. These will be described in detail in future chapters. Whatever their form or type, however, it is essential that overflows--unless led into the open air, as is required by some water companies--should discharge into the upper or inlet side of the traps with which their apparatus are provided. This is illustrated in Fig. 230. Were they carried into the lower or outlet side of the traps (as in Fig. 231), the object of the latter would be frustrated, as the waste pipes would then be ventilated into the house through the overflow pipes of the fitments. This will be apparent on reference to the last-named illustration. All sanitary fitments must be trapped at their outlet, as near to the fitments as possible, by efficient traps of the type recommended in a preceding chapter. The necessity for this in connection with baths, sinks, and lavatories, is disputed by many, especially in cases where such fitments are provided with only short waste pipes discharging, as all waste pipes should, over surface traps in the open air. That the traps are essential will, however, be obvious when it is borne in mind that ...

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