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Author:   Leslie Iversen ,  Solomon H. Snyder ,  Solomon Snyder
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Dimensions:   Width: 17.80cm , Height: 3.40cm , Length: 25.40cm
Weight:   1.237kg
ISBN:  

9781461290179

ISBN 10:   1461290171
Pages:   642
Publication Date:   12 November 2011
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
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Table of Contents

1 Conditioned Drug Effects.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Terminology.- 1.2. Basic Procedures and Designs.- 1.3. Tests for Conditioning.- 1.4. Optimal Conditions for Conditioning.- 1.5. Confounding Factors.- 2. Conditioned Drug Effects: Evidence and Explanations.- 2.1. Conditioning of Drug-Induced Physiological Responses.- 2.2. Conditioning Factors in the Changing Effectiveness of Drugs.- 2.3. Conditioning of Affective Changes.- 3. Implications.- 3.1. Drug Self-Administration.- 3.2. Treatment of Addictions.- 4. References.- 2 Developmental Neuropharmacology: Clinical and Neurochemical Perspectives on the Regulation of Attention, Learning, and Movement.- 1. Clinical Phenomena and Research Design.- 1.1. Developmental Influences.- 1.2. Methodological Issues in Pediatric Psychopharmacological Research.- 2. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity.- 2.1. Component Symptoms.- 2.2. Clinical Effects of Stimulants.- 2.3. Cellular and Molecular Effects of Stimulants.- 2.4. Neurochemistry: Animal Studies.- 2.5. Neurochemistry: Clinical Studies.- 3. Learning Disorders.- 3.1. General Considerations.- 3.2. Stimulants.- 3.3. Piracetam.- 4. Tourette’s Syndrome of Chronic, Multiple Tics.- 4.1. Clinical Features.- 4.2. Neurobiological and Genetic Basis.- 4.3. Clinical Neurochemical Research.- 4.4. Treatment.- 5. Overview.- 6. References.- 3 Structure, Process, and Mechanism: Case Studies in the Psychopharmacology of Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Control of Feeding: A First Look.- 3. Drugs and Food Intake.- 3.1. Suppression of Food Intake.- 3.2. Enhancement of Food Intake.- 4. Interpretation of Pharmacological Action.- 5. Contextual and Temporal Dimensions of Behavior.- 6. Structure, Process, and Mechanism.- 7. Methodological Developments.- 7.1. Free-Feeding Animals.- 7.2. Microanalysis of the Structure of Feeding Behavior.- 7.3. Macroanalysis of Feeding Patterns.- 7.4. Variety and Palatability of Food.- 7.5. Motivation Measured by Instrumental Performance.- 7.6. Nutritional Aspects of Eating.- 8. Case Studies in the Pharmacological Analysis of Feeding.- 8.1. Serotonin Manipulations and the Structure of Feeding Behavior.- 8.2. Behavioral Analysis of the Effects of Opioid Antagonists on Feeding.- 8.3. Behavioral Calibration of Natural and Abnormal Anorexia.- 9. Control of Feeding: A Second Look.- 9.1. Impact of Pharmacological Studies.- 9.2. A Paradox: The Orexic and Anorexic Effects of Amphetamine.- 9.3. Models of Feeding Control.- 10. References.- 4 The Psychopharmacology of Aggression.- 1. Recent History of Psychopharmacological Aggression Research.- 1.1. Psychiatric Research Questions.- 1.2. Origins of Behavioral Methodology.- 1.3. Emerging Neuroscientific Objectives.- 2. Framework for the Behavioral Analysis of Aggression.- 2.1. Experimental-Psychological Approach.- 2.2. Neurological Approach.- 2.3. Ethological Approach.- 3. Preclinical and Clinical Aggression Research.- 3.1. Antiaggressive Drug Treatments.- 3.2. Drugs of Abuse and Aggression.- 4. References.- 5 The Electrophysiological and Biochemical Pharmacology of the Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Neurons.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Anatomy of Midbrain Dopamine Systems.- 2.1. The Nigrostriatal DA System.- 2.2. Mesolimbic and Mesocortical DA Systems.- 3. Distinguishing between A9 and A10 Dopamine Systems.- 3.1. Behavioral Studies.- 3.2. Anatomical Considerations.- 4. Identification and Characterization.- 5. Dopamine Neuron Function Regulation.- 5.1. Effects of DA Agonists on A10 DA Neuron Activity.- 5.2. DA Receptor Antagonist Actions.- 6. Effects of Neurotransmitters on A10 Dopamine Neuron Activity.- 6.1. The Influence of GABA on A10 DA Neurons.- 6.2. The Effects of Serotonin on A10 DA Neurons.- 6.3. The Effects of Noradrenergic Agonists and Antagonists on A10 DA Neurons.- 6.4. The Effects of Substance P on A10 DA Neurons.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 6 Psychopharmacology of Repeated Seizures: Possible Relevance to the Mechanism of Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Functional Changes after Seizures.- 2.1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine.- 2.2. Dopamine.- 2.3. Noradrenaline.- 2.4. GABA.- 2.5. Acetylcholine.- 2.6. Opioids.- 2.7. Histamine.- 3. Biochemical Consequences of Seizures.- 3.1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine.- 3.2. Dopamine.- 3.3. Noradrenaline.- 3.4. GABA.- 3.5. Opioid Peptides.- 3.6. Acetylcholine.- 3.7. Adenosine and Cyclic Nucleotides.- 3.8. Peptides.- 3.9. Calcium.- 4. Neuroendocrine Markers of Neurotransmitter Changes Following Electroconvulsive Shock.- 5. Are Any Biochemical and Functional Changes Associated?.- 5.1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine.- 5.2. Dopamine.- 5.3. Noradrenaline.- 5.4. GABA.- 5.5. Acetylcholine.- 5.6. Opioid Peptides.- 6. Can Biochemical or Behavioral Changes Be Associated with Antidepressant Action of Electroconvulsive Shock?.- 7. References.- 7 Psychopharmacology of Nicotine: Stimulus Effects and Receptor Mechanisms.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Historical Background.- 1.2. Behavioral Background.- 1.3. Neurochemical Background.- 2. Nicotine as a Positive Reinforcer.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Studies in Animals.- 2.3. Studies in Human Subjects.- 2.4. Conclusions.- 3. Nicotine as an Aversive Stimulus.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Nicotine as a Punisher.- 3.3. Nicotine as a Negative Reinforcer.- 3.4. Conditioned Taste Aversions.- 3.5. Conclusions.- 4. Discriminative Stimulus of Nicotine.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Generalization Tests: Nicotinic Agonists.- 4.3. Generalization Tests: Nonnicotinic Drugs.- 4.4. Pretreatment Experiments.- 4.5. Conclusions.- 5. Nicotine and Brain Mechanisms of Reward.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Studies of Intracranial Self-Stimulation.- 5.3. Intake of Palatable Substances.- 5.4. Conditioned Place Preferences.- 5.5. Neuropharmacological Observations.- 5.6. Evidence from Nicotine Self-Administration.- 6. General Conclusions.- 6.1. Integration of Different Approaches.- 6.2. Models of the CNS Nicotinic Receptor.- 7. References.- 8 The Behavioral Effects of Opiates.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Historical Perspective.- 1.2. Methodological Considerations.- 2. The Effects of Opiates on Pain.- 2.1. The Neurobiology of Afferent Pain Transmission.- 2.2. The Effects of Opiates on Pain Transmission.- 2.3. Environmental Activation of Endogenous Analgesia Systems.- 3. The Effects of Opiates on Reward.- 3.1. The Neural Substrate of Opiate Reward.- 3.2. The Opiate Reward and Other Forms of Reward.- 4. The Effects of Opiates on Cardiovascular Function.- 4.1. The Cardiovascular Effects of Exogenously Administered Opiates.- 4.2. Endogenous Opioids and Environmentally Produced Cardiovascular Effects.- 5. Other Effects of Opiates on Behavior.- 6. References.- 9 Neuropeptides and Memory.- 1. Neuropeptides.- 2. Conceptual and Methodological Considerations.- 2.1. Conceptual Model.- 2.2. Animal Tests.- 3. Hypophyseal Peptides and Memory.- 3.1. Vasopressin.- 3.2. Oxytocin.- 3.3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone.- 3.4. Endorphins.- 3.5. Somatostatin.- 4. Nonhypophyseal Peptides and Memory.- 4.1. Neurotensin.- 4.2. Angiotensin.- 4.3. Cholecystokinin.- 4.4. Substance P.- 5. Synthesis.- 5.1. Hypophyseal Peptides—Summary.- 5.2. Nonhypophyseal Peptides—Summary.- 5.3. Site and Mechanism of Action.- 5.4. U-Shaped Dose-Effect Functions.- 5.5. Blood-Brain Barrier.- 5.6. Is It Memory?.- 5.7. James-Lange Theory of Memory.- 5.8. State Dependency.- 5.9. Homology of Function.- 6. References.- 10 The Actions of Neuroleptic Drugs on Appetitive Instrumental Behaviors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Hypotheses on the Behavioral Actions of Neuroleptics.- 2.1. Behavioral Profile of Neuroleptic Effects.- 2.2. Early Motor Hypotheses.- 2.3. Anhedonia and the Link between Dopamine and Reinforcement.- 3. Evaluation of Experiments on Dopaminergic Involvement in Reinforcement.- 3.1. On the Proposed Similarity between Neuroleptics and Extinction.- 3.2. The Response Capacity Argument.- 3.3. The Use of Paradigms Purported to Dissociate Reinforcement from Performance.- 3.4. Conclusions.- 4. Incentive Explanation of Neuroleptic Actions.- 5. An Alternative Explanation of Dopamine Antagonist Effects on Operant Behavior.- 5.1. A Multiprocess Model for Describing Control of Operant Response Output.- 5.2. On the Role of Brain Dopamine Systems in Appetitive Instrumental Behavior.- 6. References.- 11 Second-Generation Antidepressants.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Properties of Second-Generation Antidepressants.- 3. Methodological Approaches.- 3.1. Neurochemical Assays.- 3.2. Behavioral Assays.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- 5. References.

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