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G uinea pigs are gentle, expressive, and deeply social animals that have shared human homes for centuries. Often underestimated because of their small size, guinea pigs possess complex emotional needs, strong social bonds, and specific care requirements that differ significantly from other small pets. Understanding who guinea pigs are, where they come from, and what they need is the first and most important step toward responsible ownership. This chapter lays the foundation for everything that follows by exploring the history of guinea pigs, comparing them to other small pets, explaining why they make excellent companions, and clarifying the level of commitment they require. What Are Guinea Pigs? History and Domestication Guinea pigs, also known as cavies, are small herbivorous mammals belonging to the rodent family. Despite their name, they are not pigs, nor do they originate from Guinea. The name is believed to be the result of historical misunderstandings related to trade routes, vocal sounds, or their perceived resemblance to piglets. Scientifically and biologically, guinea pigs are unique animals with traits that clearly distinguish them from hamsters, mice, rats, and rabbits.

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