Overview

This book presents a comprehensive study on global warming, climate change, and the influence of the transportation sector on Kerala's regional climate. It explains the scientific basis of global warming, including the greenhouse effect, major greenhouse gases, and the rapid rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to human activities. Historical climate data, global CO₂ trends, and the enhanced greenhouse effect are examined to show how rising emissions contribute to temperature increase, humidity amplification, and climate instability. The study provides a detailed overview of transportation-related emissions at global and regional scales, highlighting Kerala's high vehicle density and fuel consumption patterns. Using scientifically accepted fuel-to-CO₂ conversion factors, the book quantifies annual emissions from private vehicles and evaluates their contribution to atmospheric CO₂. The results show that even small increases in CO₂ levels significantly intensify warming in warm, humid regions like Kerala. The scientific links between CO₂ concentration, temperature rise, water vapour increase, and heavy rainfall are discussed using principles of climate physics. The book examines how warmer air holding more moisture leads to extreme rainfall events and connects these processes to the 2018 Kerala flood. This case study demonstrates how climate change, combined with human-induced vulnerabilities such as land-use changes, can magnify the severity of natural disasters. Public transport systems are analyzed as a key solution to reducing emissions. The book evaluates Kerala's existing transport infrastructure-including buses, railways, metro, and water transport-and discusses global best practices that can support a shift toward sustainable mobility. Policy recommendations, behavioural strategies, and climate mitigation measures are provided to help reduce transportation emissions and strengthen climate resilience. The book concludes that Kerala's future climate will depend strongly on present-day choices. Reducing CO₂ emissions, strengthening public transport, improving urban planning, and adopting sustainable behaviours are essential to limit warming, reduce extreme rainfall, and protect future generations. This work aims to support scientific understanding, policy development, and informed decision-making to address one of the most pressing challenges of our time.

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