Overview

My work Geochemistry oj organic matter in the ocean first appeared in Russian in 1978. Since then much progress has been made in the exploration of various forms of organic matter in the ocean: dissolved, colloidal, organic matter sus- pended in particles and that contained in bottom sediments and in interstitial waters. The appropriate evidence is found in hundreds of articles and several re- view works, such as Andersen (1977), Biogeochimie de [a matiere organique a ['interjace eau-sedimentmarine (1980), Duursma and Dawson (1981). A great amount of new information has been obtained in the Soviet Union's scientific institutions on the composition and distribution in natural waters and bottom sediments of organic matter and its separate components playing a crucial role in the formation of the chemical and biological structure of the ocean and its productivity, in the biogeochemistry of the elements and geochemistry of organic matter in the Earth's sedimentary cover. The areas of exploration have expanded over the past four-and-a-half years to embrace many new, little-known regions, including the Arctic seas. In contrast to the three preceeding decades, the research has been focused on investigating the existing forms, the distribution and accumulation of organic matter in near- continental oceanic zones between land and sea, and in river estuaries.

Full Product Details

Author:   Evgenii A. Romankevich
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Weight:   0.760kg
ISBN:  

9783540127543

ISBN 10:   3540127542
Pages:   352
Publication Date:   01 September 1984
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Out of stock  

Table of Contents

Abbreviations.- 1. Sources of Organic Matter in the Ocean.- 1.1 Primary Production of Organic Matter.- 1.1.1 Phytoplankton.- 1.1.2 Phytobenthos.- 1.1.3 Bacterial Chemosynthesis.- 1.2 Input of Allochthonous Organic Matter.- 1.2.1 River and Subterranean Runoff.- 1.2.2 Eolian Transfer.- 1.2.3 The Material of Glacial and Wave Abrasion.- 1.2.4 Other Sources.- 1.2.5 Relationship of the Various Sources and Forms of Supply.- 2. Carbon of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Ocean.- 2.1 Total Quantity.- 2.2 Time of Residence.- 2.3 Distribution Patterns.- 3. Carbon of Particulate Organic Matter.- 3.1 POC Distribution from Separation Data.- 3.2 POC Distribution from Filtration and Sediment Traps Data.- 3.3 POC in Dry Matter of Suspended Material.- 3.4 Relationship Between POC and DOC.- 3.5 Living Organic Matter in Suspended Material.- 3.6 Total Quantity and Residence Time of Particulate Organic Matter in the Ocean.- 3.7 Organic Matter Morphology.- 3.8 Supply of Organic Matter in Ocean Depths and Ocean Floor.- 3.8.1 Trophic System and the Passive Settling of Particles.- 3.8.2 Transition of Dissolved Organic Matter into the Particulate Form.- 3.8.3 Active Transport of Organic Matter by Migrating Animals.- 4. Organic Carbon in Late Quarternary Sediments of Seas and Oceans.- 4.1 Morphology of Non-Living Organic Matter in Recent Sediments.- 4.1.1 Organic Detritus and Aggregates.- 4.1.2 Terrestrial Plant Remains and Macrophytes. Pollen Grains and Spores.- 4.1.3 Organic Matter of Biogenic Calcareous and Siliceous Materials.- 4.1.4 Ichtyofaunal Bone Remains.- 4.1.5 Organic Matter Associated with Clay Materials.- 4.1.6 Organic Matter in Igneous Rocks.- 4.1.7 Other Forms of Organic Matter.- 4.2 Principles Governing the Distribution of Organic Carbon in Bottom Sediments.- 4.2.1 Regularities of Regional Distribution in the Upper Sedimentary Layer.- 4.2.2 Organic Carbon in Various Genetic Types of Sediments in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.- 4.2.3 Organic Carbon Distribution in the Late-Quarternary Sediments of the Pacific Ocean.- 4.3 Organic Carbon Distribution in the Size-Fractions of Sediments: Relation Between Organic Carbon and CaCO3 and SiO2(amorph).- 4.4 The Absolute Masses of Organic Carbon in the Sediments.- 4.4.1 A Concise History of the Problem.- 4.4.2 The Rate of Organic Carbon Accumulation in Bottom Sediments.- 4.4.3 The Amount of Organic Carbon and Its Fossilization Coefficients in Various Zones of the Ocean.- 5. Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Process of Sedimentogenesis.- 5.1 Nitrogen and the Nitrogen-Carbon Ratio.- 5.1.1 Nitrogen in Marine Organisms. Regeneration of Nitrogen.- 5.1.2 Organic Nitrogen in Sea Waters and the Particulate Fraction.- 5.1.3 Nitrogen in Bottom Sediments and Interstitial Waters.- 5.2 Phosphorus and the Phosphorus-Carbon Ratio.- 5.2.1 Phosphorus in Marine Organisms. Regeneration of Phosphorus.- 5.2.2 Organic Phosphorus in Sea Waters and the Suspended Material.- 5.2.3 Phosphorus in Bottom Sediments.- 5.3 Certain Features of the Cycling of Nitrogen and Phosphorus During Sedimentogenesis.- 6. Proteinaceous Compounds and Amino Acids.- 7. Carbohydrates.- 7.1 Carbohydrates in the Major Producers and Consumers of Organic Matter in the Ocean.- 7.2 Carbohydrates in Sea Waters.- 7.3 Carbohydrates in the Suspended Matter.- 7.4 Carbohydrates in Bottom Sediments.- 7.4.1 The Content and Composition of the Carbohydrates in the Sediments of the Surface Layer.- 7.4.2 Carbohydrates in Bottom Sediment Cores.- 7.4.3 Carbohydrate Compounds in Interstitial Waters.- 8. Chemical Transformations of Lipids During Sedimentogenesis.- 8.1 Lipids of Marine Organisms.- 8.2 Sea Water Lipids.- 8.3 Lipids in Suspended Material.- 8.3.1 The Quantitative Distribution of Particulate Lipids in the Ocean.- 8.3.2 The Composition of Particulate Lipids and Its Variations in the Mass of Ocean Waters.- 8.3.3 Comparative Characteristics of Particulate and Dissolved Lipids.- 8.4 Lipids in Bottom Sediments.- 8.4.1 Regularities in the Distribution of Lipids in Bottom Sediments.- 8.4.2 Lipids in the Interstitial Water.- 8.4.3 The Composition of Lipids in Bottom Sediments.- 8.5 Transformation of Lipids in Sedimentogenesis.- 9. Specific Organic Compounds.- 9.1 Humic Substances of Sea Water.- 9.2 Distribution of Humic Acids and Residual Organic Matter Humins in Suspended Matter and in Bottom Sediments.- 9.3 Elementary Composition.- 9.4 Molecular Weight Distribution.- 9.5 Amino Acid Composition. The Content of Carbohydrates and Functional Groups.- 9.6 The Composition of Destructive Oxidation Products.- 9.7 The Origin of Humic Acids in Bottom Sediments.- Conclusion.- References.

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