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The study area is situated within the Oban Massif and the Calabar Flank of southeastern Nigeria. The study area Odukpani and its environs is located in the South eastern part of Nigeria. The rocks that make up the area are basically basement complex rocks, metasediments and late cretaceous sedimentary rocks. During the exercise, granodiorites, quartzite, gneiss, pegmatites, sandstones, clays shales, marls and limestones were identified as well as sedimentary rocks and their associated structures. Water quality analyses carried out groundwater gave an average pH value of 6.2. The dominant cation in the water samples is Ca2+ which ranges from 7.8 - 12.5 while the dominant anion is CO32- which has a range of 28.5 - 38.5, therefore the type water is calcium carbonate type. The proximity of carbonate rocks across the area are clue for the dominance of calcium and carbonate ions in the waters of the area. Presence of minerals such as biotite, hornblende, quartz, orthoclase, muscovite, and plagioclase were identified. The study shows that the study area has undergone series of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary processes.

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