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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1879 Excerpt: ...the protection of life, of personal freedom, of property, of reputation, and of religion. The positive ends are: 'First. To make the means of subsistence more easy to each individual. 'Second. That in addition to the necessaries of life he should derive from the union and division of labour a share of the comforts and conveniences, -which humanise and ennoble his nature. 'Third. The hope of bettering his own condition and that of his children. The civilised man gives up those stimulants of hope and fear which constitute the chief charm of the savage life; and yet his Maker has distinguished him from the brute that perishes, by making hope an instinct of his nature and an indispensable condition of his moral and intellectual progression. But a natural instinct constitutes a natural right, as far as its gratification is compatible with the equal rights of others. 'The prizes are indeed few and rare, but still they are possible; and the hope is universal, and perhaps occasions more happiness than even its fulfilment.'1 We shall proceed to give a few practical illustrations Advanof the increasing effectiveness of labour when paid by payment i. by results results. illustrated. Mr. Brittain, who has recently published in ' Iron' Tho Terrea description of the principal iron-making establish-works'in1 ments in France, gives the full details of the plan ' adopted for the payment of wages upon the piece-work 1 Coleridge, 'The Friend, ' Essay ix. p. 160. system at Terrenoire, one of the principal ironworks in France. A schedule is affixed to the door of each workshop every morning, giving the details of all the work done therein on the previous day. Each schedule contains the names of the puddlers, and of their first and second under-hands, and states the number of heat...

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