Overview

Evolutionary Biology,ofwhichthisisthetwenty-thirdvolume,continues toofferitsreadersawiderangeoforiginalarticles,reviews,andcom- mentariesonevolution,inthebroadestsenseofthatterm. Thetopicsof thereviewsrangefromanthropology,molecularevolution,andpaleo- biologytoprinciplesofsystematics. Inrecentvolumes,abroadspectrumofarticleshaveappearedon suchsubjectsasbiochemicalsystematics,comparativemorphologyand embryology,evolutionaryecology,biogeography,andpaleobiology. We havealsoattemptedtoprovideaforumforconflictingideas. Articlessuch asthese,oftentoolongforstandardjournals,arethematerialfor Evo- lutionary Biology. Theeditorscontinuetosolicitmanuscriptsonaninternationalscale inanefforttoseethateveryoneofthemanyfacetsofbiologicalevolution iscovered. Manuscriptsshouldbesenttoeitherofthefollowing:Max K. Hecht,DepartmentofBiology,QueensCollegeoftheCityUniversity ofNewYork,Flushing,NewYork11367,orBruceWallace,Department ofBiology,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,Blacks- burg,Virginia24061. TheeditorswishtocongratulateDr. GhilleanT. Pranceonhisnew appointmentatKewBotanicalGardensandthankhimforhiscollabo- rativeeffortsineditingthepastninevolumes. TheEditors vII Contents 1. MaintenanceofaHereditaryVirus:TheSigmaVirusin PopulationsofItsHost, Drosophila melanogaster 1 Annie Fleuriet Introduction 1 FrenchPopulationsof Drosophila melanogaster...2 PolymorphismofPopulations 2 CharacteristicsofWildStrainsoftheSigmaVirus 3 EffectsoftheInfectionuponCarriers...7 ExperimentalPopulations...9 MaintenanceoftheVirusinFrenchNaturalPopulations...12 GeographicalVariationofthe Drosophila-SigmaSystem 14 PolymorphismofPopulations 14 ViralCharacteristics...17 TentativeInterpretationoftheGeographicalPatternObserved 18 OtherSystemsofVerticallyTransmittedViruses 22 ExistenceofDifferentSensitivitiestotheVirus 22 CharacteristicsoftheViruses...23 MaintenanceintheVectorPopulation 24 Appendix:TransmissionofStabilizedandNonstabilized Conditions...26 Self-MaintenanceofStabilizedConditionthroughMaternal Lineage...26 NonstabilizedCondition ...27 References 28 2. Domestication:EvolutionaryChangeunderStress 31 M. J. Kohane and P. A. Parsons Introduction 31 EnvironmentalChangeandDomestication 33 Ix x Contents EcologicalPhenotypes 33 BehavioralPhenotypes...36 AdaptationtoLaboratoryConditions...37 ACaseStudy:DomesticationinFoxes 41 Discussion...43 Summary...45 References 46 3. RangeExpansionandItsGeneticConsequencesinPopulationsof theGiantToad, Bufo marinus...49 Simon Easteal Introduction 49 TheSpreadof Bufo marinus 50 TheIntroductions...50 TheAustralianRangeExpansion 52 GeneticVariationintheIntroducedPopulations...58 TheData...58 GeneticVariability...58 EffectivePopulationSize 62 Dispersal,GeneFlow,andNeighborhoodSize 63 TheGeneticEffectsofRangeExpansion 64 GeographicalPatternsofVariation 74 Conclusion 81 References 82 4. EvolutionbySocialSelection...85 Shozo Yokoyama Introduction 85 ConceptofSocialSelection...86 EvidenceforSocialSelection;...88 MultipleNeurofibromatosis 88 HuntingtonDisease 89 MentalRetardation...90 Schizophrenia 91 SocialSelectionModels...91 AutosomalGenes...92 Contents xl X-LinkedGenes...103 RandomGeneticDriftandVariableSelectionIntensity...112 MaternalEffects 115 DNAPolymorphismandSocialSelection...117 Discussion...118 Summary...121 References 122 5. TheInfluenceofTaxonomicMethodonthePerceptionofPatterns ofEvolution...-...127 Andrew B. Smith and Colin Patterson Introduction 127 TheNatureofTaxa...129 WhyNonmonophyleticGroupsAreNotRealTaxa 131 ParaphyleticTaxaasNaturalAdaptivelyUnifiedGroups. , 131 NonmonophyleticGroupsasValidSamplesof Species-LevelProcesses...132 TheRedQueenHypothesis 134 TaxonDurationIsProportionaltotheNumberofSpecies IncludedintheTaxon 135 TaxonomicExtinctionsunderConsiderationAreLargely Artefactual 139 TheRedQueenasSystematist:TheProbabilityThata TaxonomistWillSplitaGroupIsInverselyProportional totheNumberofSpeciesinThatGroup 142 DecreaseinExtinctionRatethroughTime 142 PeriodicityofExtinction 143 GenericDataandLagerstatten 147 SpeciesDiversity 148 WhatDoFossilSpeciesSample? 152 AnalysisofGaps 153 Summary...

Full Product Details

Author:   Max K. Hecht ,  Bruce Wallace ,  Ghillean T. Prance
Publisher:   Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
Imprint:   Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
Weight:   0.830kg
ISBN:  

9780306422539

ISBN 10:   0306422530
Pages:   472
Publication Date:   01 June 1986
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

1. William Campbell Steere: An Outline of His Life and Continuing Career.- Bibliography of Publications of William Campbell Steere.- 2. Biochemical Systematics: II. A Reprise.- Micromolecules.- Flavonoids.- Terpenoids.- Alkaloids.- Other Micromolecules of Chemosystematic Interest.- Micromolecules of Specific Plant Groups.- Lichens.- New Approaches in Micromolecular Chemosystematics.- C4 Metabolism.- Paleobiochemistry.- Micromolecules: Biological and Evolutionary Considerations.- Macromolecules.- Electrophoresis.- Amino Acid Sequences.- Serology.- Nucleic Acids.- Conclusions and Future Prospects.- Micromolecules.- Macromolecules.- References.- 3. Species Selection As a Causal Process.- Differential Rates of Extinction.- Differential Rates of Speciation: General Problems.- Differential Rates of Speciation: A Case for Reducibility.- Differential Rates of Speciation: A Case for Irreducibility Speciation via the Founder Principle.- Discussion.- Possible Examples of Species Selection: Hawaiian Drosophilidae.- Possible Examples of Species Selection: Tertiary Neogastropoda.- The Snail Example: Another Viewpoint.- Species Selection and Randomness.- Species Selection and Punctuated Equilibria.- Conclusions.- References.- Species Selection As a Causal Process: A Reply.- References.- 4. Species Are Individuals: A Review and Critique of the Argument.- Introduction: What Is an Individual?.- Heraclitus' Paradox.- The Organism As Paradigm.- The Firm As Paradigm.- Hydra As Paradigm.- Definitions, Words, and Things.- The Biological Species Concept.- Objectification of Species As Closed Systems.- Objectification of Species As Open Systems.- Pattern and Process: Complementary Views of Nature.- References.- 5. A Morphogenetic Approach to the Origin and Basic Organization of the Tetrapod Limb.- Morphogenesis and Homology: The Pattern of the Tetrapod Limb.- Invariance and Homology: The Pattern of the Tetrapod Limb.- Morphogenesis and Character Polarity: Von Baerian versus Haeckelian Recapitulation.- Recent Criticisms of Classical Views of Homology and Recapitulation of the Tetrapod Limb.- Developmental Patterns in the Limb Skeleton: Connectivity, Branching, and Segmentation.- to Developmental Bifurcations.- Review of Chondrogenesis.- Limb Patterning Viewed As a Hierarchical Sequence of Branching Events.- Branching, Segmentation, and de novo Condensation: Pattern and Process in Limb Development.- Comparative Embryology.- Experimental Embryology.- Evolution Proceeds by Alteration in the Sequence of the Three Basic Morphogenetic Events.- The Ground-Plan of the Tetrapod Limb.- Later Developmental Alterations of the Pattern of Connectivity.- The Metapterygial Axis of the Tetrapod Limb.- Embryonic Connectivity: A Reanalysis of the Metapterygial Axis.- Variance and Invariance in Limb Development.- The Homology of the Radiale in Turtles and Mammals.- The Anuran Hindlimb.- Embryonic Connectivity: Causal Mechanism and Homology.- Conclusion: Comparative Morphology and Evolutionary Theory.- Summary.- Appendix: Symbols and Abbreviations.- References.- 6. Developmental Evidence for Amphibian Origins.- Characters.- Block to Polyspermy.- Mesoderm Formation.- Notochord Formation.- Somitogenesis.- Primordial Germ Cells.- Apical Ectodermal Ridge.- Prechondrogenic Limb Condensations and Limb Cartilages.- Discussion.- Prognosis.- References.- 7. The Origin of Amphikinesis in Lizards: A Problem in Functional Morphology and the Evolution of Adaptive Systems.- Kinesis in Eosuchians.- Kinesis in Lizards.- Adaptive Significance of Kinesis.- The Origin of Lizards.- Lizardlike Fossils.- Diagnostic Cranial Features of Lizards.- Evolution and Cranial Function.- Reduction of the Lower Temporal Bar.- Streptostyly and Tongue Extension.- The Attainment of Amphikinesis.- Theoretical Evolutionary Implications.- Summary.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- Appendix C.- Appendix D.- Appendix E.- References.

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