Overview

Since Aristotle, many different theories of distributive justice have been proposed, by philosophers as well as social scientists. The typical approach within social choice theory is to assess these theories in an axiomatic way – most of the time the reader is confronted with abstract reasoning and logical deductions. This book shows that empirical insights are necessary if one wants to apply any theory of justice in the real world. It does so by confronting the main theories of distributive justice with data from (mostly) questionnaire experiments. The book starts with an extensive discussion on why empirical social choice makes sense and how it should be done. It then presents various experimental results relating to theories of distributive justice, including the Rawlsian equity axiom, Harsanyi's version of utilitarianism, utilitarianism with a floor, responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism, the claims problem and fairness in health.

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9781139012867

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Reviews

Advance praise: 'In covering a range of 'traditional' questions, the concept of fairness, ideas about fairness in health as well as issues of rationale and methodology, Gaertner and Schokkaert are to be congratulated on producing this timely companion. It is ideal for economists and psychologists setting out to do experimental studies, as well as philosophers interested in understanding how ordinary people think about a range of distributive and procedural fairness issues. An excellent overview of an emerging field the authors have done much to create.' Paul Anand, Professor of Economics, Decision Sciences and Philosophy, Open University, and Research Associate at HERC, Oxford University Advance praise: 'Empirical social choice lies at the interface between philosophy and economics and is central to the investigation of difficult normative issues. It is an important way of testing out whether approaches to value-laden issues in economics are appropriate, whether there is evidence to support elegant and theoretically attractive theories. Wulf Gaertner and Erik Schokkaert are acknowledged experts in the field and their book is an invaluable contribution to understanding this subject.' Frank Cowell, Professor of Economics and Director of the Public Economics Programme (STICERD), London School of Economics and Political Science Advance praise: 'On what grounds can we say that an egalitarian society is better than an inegalitarian one in which all individuals would be better off? When is an income distribution more just than another one? More generally, what is social justice? Preeminent economists such as Serge-Christophe Kolm or Amartya Sen and philosophers such as John Rawls have tried to give theoretical responses to these questions. But what about you, your relatives, your neighbours, the man in the street? In this remarkable and pioneering book, using the techniques developed within experimental economics, Wulf Gaetrner and Erik Schokkaert describe how the concepts pervading the theory of justice are perceived by ordinary human beings. There is no doubt that this should have important consequences on the future development of these theoretical concepts and on public policy.' Maurice Salles, Professor of Economics, University of Caen Advance praise: 'Empirical Social Choice is a must-read for anyone interested in the relationship between philosophical ethics and empirical research on moral preferences. It is clearly and accessibly written, and its audience should include not only social choice theorists but also philosophers, behavioral economists, political scientists and social psychologists. Among other things, this volume includes evidence on the roles of efficiency, responsibility and need and considers applications to income, health and economic wealth, but the findings described also relate to, and sometimes even predate, important developments in experimental philosophy and behavioral economics. The authors, who are themselves among the foremost contributors to this literature, not only elucidate but also convincingly advocate for this research program.' James Konow, Professor of Economics, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles

'In covering a range of 'traditional' questions, the concept of fairness, ideas about fairness in health as well as issues of rationale and methodology, Gaertner and Schokkaert are to be congratulated on producing this timely companion. It is ideal for economists and psychologists setting out to do experimental studies, as well as philosophers interested in understanding how ordinary people think about a range of distributive and procedural fairness issues. An excellent overview of an emerging field the authors have done much to create.' Paul Anand, Open University, and Research Associate at HERC, Oxford University 'Empirical social choice lies at the interface between philosophy and economics and is central to the investigation of difficult normative issues. It is an important way of testing out whether approaches to value-laden issues in economics are appropriate, whether there is evidence to support elegant and theoretically attractive theories. Wulf Gaertner and Erik Schokkaert are acknowledged experts in the field and their book is an invaluable contribution to understanding this subject.' Frank Cowell, Director of the Public Economics Programme (STICERD), London School of Economics and Political Science 'On what grounds can we say that an egalitarian society is better than an inegalitarian one in which all individuals would be better off? When is an income distribution more just than another one? More generally, what is social justice? Preeminent economists such as Serge-Christophe Kolm or Amartya Sen and philosophers such as John Rawls have tried to give theoretical responses to these questions. But what about you, your relatives, your neighbours, the man in the street? In this remarkable and pioneering book, using the techniques developed within experimental economics, Wulf Gaetrner and Erik Schokkaert describe how the concepts pervading the theory of justice are perceived by 'ordinary' human beings. There is no doubt that this should have important consequences on the future development of these theoretical concepts and on public policy.' Maurice Salles, University of Caen 'Empirical Social Choice is a must-read for anyone interested in the relationship between philosophical ethics and empirical research on moral preferences. It is clearly and accessibly written, and its audience should include not only social choice theorists but also philosophers, behavioral economists, political scientists and social psychologists. Among other things, this volume includes evidence on the roles of efficiency, responsibility and need and considers applications to income, health and economic wealth, but the findings described also relate to, and sometimes even predate, important developments in experimental philosophy and behavioral economics. The authors, who are themselves among the foremost contributors to this literature, not only elucidate but also convincingly advocate for this research program.' James Konow, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles 'The book is well-written and accessible, making it suitable for a large number of readers. Graduate students will find the book an ideal starting point for theses on the subject, and parts of the book may be used to introduce undergraduate students to the subtleties of normative theories since they will be stimulated by how people like themselves perceive the concepts.' Social Choice and Welfare The book is well-written and accessible, making it suitable for a large number of readers. Graduate students will find the book an ideal starting point for theses on the subject, and parts of the book may be used to introduce undergraduate students to the subtleties of normative theories since they will be stimulated by how people like themselves perceive the concepts. Social Choice and Welfare

Author Information

Wulf Gaertner is Professor of Economics at the University of Osnabrück. He is also a visiting professor at the London School of Economics. Erik Schokkaert is Full Professor and Director of the Centre for Economics and Ethics at the Catholic University of Leuven.

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