Overview

Stuttering is defined as the disturbance or interruption in the effortless flow of speech (Guitar, 2014). High prevalence rates of stuttering are reported in both children and adults (Gillespie & Cooper, 1973; Hall et al., 1976), particularly for preschool children (3.46%) in comparison to school-age and high-school-age children (0.84%) (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013). Further, the majority of the researchers reported the onset of stuttering to be during the preschool period, i.e., between 2 to 5 years of age (Andrews & Harris, 1964; Bernstein-Ratner & Silverman, 2000; Guitar, 2014; Johnson & Associates, 1959; Yairi & Ambrose, 1992, 2005). The risk of developing stuttering is believed to reduce as age increases (Craige et al., 2002). Low incidence rates after the age of 4 years and the spontaneous recovery from stuttering often seen in children (Yairi & Seery, 2015), are commonly associated with the decline in prevalence rate as the age progresses. The nature of recovery in children has always been a conflicting debate among researchers. Natural or spontaneous recovery is suggested to be a noteworthy aspect of stuttering in young children (Yairi & Seery, 2015). A few of the earlier reports indicated that almost 30% to 40% of children recover from stuttering by the age of 8 years (Bryngelson, 1938), and 43% recover by the age of 14 years (Wingate, 1976). In the following years, researchers reported a much wider range of recovery rates between 32% (Johnson & Associates, 1959) and 89% (Yairi & Ambrose, 1992). Craige et al. (2002) reported 70% recovery over a lifetime. Though spontaneous recovery is common in young children who stutter (CWS), a significant number of these children continue to stutter and are prone to stuttering-related psychosocial problems.

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