Overview

The only argument reader, rhetoric, research guide, and handbook that emphasizes style throughtout the text, Discovering Arguments presents the classical persuasive appeals throughout the text while exploring the contributions of Stephen Toulmin and Carl Rogers.

Full Product Details

Author:   William Palmer ,  Dean Memering
Publisher:   Pearson Education (US)
Imprint:   Pearson
Edition:   3rd edition
Dimensions:   Width: 17.80cm , Height: 2.30cm , Length: 23.20cm
Weight:   0.953kg
ISBN:  

9780136026464

ISBN 10:   013602646
Pages:   672
Publication Date:   01 August 2008
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Tertiary & Higher Education
Replaced By:   9780205834457
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   In Print  
Limited stock is available. It will be ordered for you and shipped pending supplier's limited stock.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND PERSUASION: LOGOS, PATHOS, ETHOS Noticing and Thinking The process of thinking The paradigm shift Communicating Clearly and Effectively Amy Wu, Stop the Clock Specific evidence Brian A. Courtney, Freedom from Choice Writing an Opinion Essay Finding your subject Writing Persuasively The Persuasive Appeals Logos Recognizing logos S. I. Hayakawa, On Human Survival Pathos Recognizing pathos Julia Kraus, If I Told You, Would You Want to Hear? Rick Reilly, Making Up for Lost Time Humor as pathos Ethos Recognizing ethos John Edwards, A Trust Worth Winning New York Times, Editorial, A Moment of Grace Thesis Statements Evaluating your thesis statement Engaging Your Audience: Titles, Introductions, Conclusions Features of good titles Title strategies Titles to avoid Features of good introductions Introductory strategies Introductions to avoid Features of good conclusions Concluding strategies Conclusions to avoid How to Annotate Vicki L. Wilson, My Smile Is Worth More Than Face Value Ryan Grady Sample, Bigger, But Not Better Guide for Evaluating Writing A Note of Defining Grammar, Mechanics, and Usage INTERCHAPTER 1 STYLE AND VOICE Diction Monosyllabic words Multisyllabic words Pretentious writing Other Features of Diction Specific or general Concrete or abstract Literal or figurative Literal language Figurative language Avoid cliches Precise words Voice The writing situation and voice Tone Analyzing attitude toward readers Analyzing attitudes toward subject and self Sentence Tools Simple sentences Joining complete thoughts: coordination Using semicolons to join complete thoughts Using semicolons with formal transition words Solving Two Common Sentence Problems Comma splices Run-on sentences CHAPTER 2 ARGUMENTS AND CONTROVERSIES Critical Reading and Writing: Agree, Disagree or Maybe Both? Deborah Tannen, How to Turn Debate into Dialogue Reading Tools Asking questions Noticing insights Noticing assumptions Noticing overgeneralizations ExploringTwo Essays on a Controversy Analysis and evaluation of Mitch Albom's essay Mitch Albom, Don't Shoot Holes in Gun Control Bills Albom's writing situation Albom's introduction Noticing Albom's insights, assumptions, and overgeneralizations Responding to other arguments Albom's use of logos, pathos, and ethos What is the solution? Albom's conclusion Analysis and evaluation of Thomas Sowell's essay Thomas Sowell, Mass Shootings and Mass Hysteria Two methods for analyzing an essay: outlining and summarizing Outline of Sowell's essay Summary of Sowell's essay Sowell's writing situation Sowell's introduction Noticing Sowell's insights, assumptions, and overgeneralizations Responding to other arguments Sowell's use of logos, pathos, and ethos What is the solution? Sowell's conclusion Albom and Sowell: What Do You Conclude? Mike Gallagher, Preventing Another Massacre Hillary Hylton, The Gun Lobby's Counterattack Guns and More Guns, Editorial, New York Times Kinds of Evidence for Arguing: Examples, Reasons, Authorities, Statistics Using examples Illustration Using reasons Using authorities Using statistics Writing an Essay about a Local Issue Writing a Report to Explore an Argument FiveEssays on Controversial Issues for a Report Women in Combat Kathleen Parker, Children Last Video Games and Violence Rebecca Hagelin, Video Game Violence and Our Sons Global Climate Change Ellen Goodman, No Change in Political Climate Health Care for All Children Bob Herbert, The Divide in Caring for Our Kids Capital Punishment Leonard Pitts Jr., Expedience No Reason to Kill a Man Writing an Essay with Sources about a Controversy Organizing an essay about a controversy Present the other side first Rogerian argument Ending your essay Student model essay Readings on Controversial Issues: Three Case Studies Drinking Age Barbara Kantrowitz and Anne Underwood, The Teen Drinking DilemmaRobert Voas, There's No Benefit to Lowering the Drinking AgeJohn J. Miller, The Case Against 21Choose Responsibility, Education Cheating for Success Michael Josephson and Melissa Mertz, From Honor Above All ABCNEWS, A Cheating Crisis in America's Schools ABCNEWS, An Educator's Worst Nightmare Joe Smith, Mark Pogge, Jane Doe, Student Comments on the Ethics of Cheating Charlotte Allen, Their Cheatin' Hearts Same-Sex Marriage Patricia Bertuccio, Coming Out: Parents Learn True Meaning of Family after Both Son and Daughter Announce They Are Gay Evan Wolfson, Marriage Makes a Word of Difference Ben Shapiro, The Homosexual Assault On Traditional MarriageCal Thomas, Dearly Beloved Gregory Gadow, WashingtonDefense of Marriage Alliance: I-957 The Defense of Marriage Initiative Venice Buhain, Lacey Woman Shares Tale of Denial at Bedside of Her Dying PartnerMaggie Gallagher, The Message of SameSex Marriage INTERCHAPTER 2 VOICE AND EMPHASIS Diction and Repetition Repeating words for emphasis Alliteration Sentence Tools Joining complete and incomplete thoughts: subordination Colons and dashes and voice Colons Dashes Using double dashes Italics (Underlining) and Voice Parentheses and voice Fine-tuning Sentences Sentence fragments: pros and cons Conciseness Omit needless words I Omit needless words II CHAPTER 3 STRATEGIES OF ARGUMENTATION Using Opposites Using Contradictions and Paradoxes Contradictions Paradoxes Paradox and tolerance for ambiguity Either/or thinking Flip it The wisdom of opposites Using Comparison Organizing comparison: block and alternate patterns Using Refutation Using Induction and Deduction Induction Deduction Using Narration and Description Narration Description Using analogy Explaining the mind Using Classification Using Cause and Effect Using Humor Humorous tone Rick Reilly, Swearing Off Swearing Humor as Satire Dave Barry, Taking the Manly Way Out Using Definition Digging for roots of words Exploring an Essay David Gessner, A Feeling of Wildness Connie Schultz, Here's a Little Tip about Gratuities Rick Reilly, What Money Can't Buy INTERCHAPTER 3 STRATEGIES OF REPETITION Sentence Tools Parallelism Anaphora Epistrophe The Power of Threes in Sentences Susan Ager, Baby, Baby, Baby, 3 Has Its Charms Using threes in sentences: rising order or not Varying Sentence Beginnings: Three Ways Using -ing phrases Misusing -ing Phrases: Dangling Modifiers Using -ed or -en phrases Using To phrases CHAPTER 4 THE TOULMIN METHOD AND PROBLEMS IN REASONING Using the Toulmin Strategy to Argue Kinds of arguments-kinds of claims Laws and policies Reality, facts Values, morals, taste Warrants Stating the warrant Exploring an Essay Using the Toulmin Method Roald Hoffman, The Tense Middle Hoffman's claim Hoffman's grounds Hoffman's warrant Hoffman's backing Rebuttal of Hoffman's claim, grounds, and warrant Essays to Explore with the Toulmin Method Caitlin Petre, The Lessons I Didn't Learn in College Alice Waters, Eating for Credit Dave Eggers, Serve or Fail Problems in Reasoning Finding the Facts Implications, Assumptions, and Inferences Implications Assumptions Inferences Fallacies Problems of Insufficient Evidence Overgeneralizing John Gray, Wallets and Purses Card stacking Ad ignorantium Post hoc ergo propter hoc Problems Based on Irrelevant Information Ad Baculum Ad hominem Fallacy of opposition Genetic fallacy Guilt by association Ad misericordiam Ad populum Bandwagon Plain folks and snob appeal Ad verecundiam Red herring Weak opponent Tu quoque Oversimplification Problems of Ambiguity Amphibole Begging the question Equivocation Loaded language False analogy Problems of Faulty Reasoning False dilemma (either/or thinking) Non sequitur Rationalization Reductio ad absurdum Slippery slope Reading and Writing Activities INTERCHAPTER 4 STYLE AND OPPOSITES Sentence Tools Antithesis Antithesis and balanced sentences Loose and periodic sentences Fine-tuning Sentences False starts Active and passive verbs CHAPTER 5 VISUAL ARGUMENTS Photographs News photographs Feature Photography Staged images Documentary photographs Fotolog Student Essays Exploring Photographs Like a Photograph, a Painting Advertisements Commercial ads Ads for social causes Student essays exploring advertisements Cartoons Cartoons and creativity Creativity and humor Serious cartoons Kathleen Parker, Happy Father's Day, Jerk Editorial cartoons Student essays exploring cartoons Film Writing about a film Organizing your film review Before you do research Finding and synthesizing sources Student film reviews INTERCHAPTER 5 ANALYZING STYLE Presenting Yourself in E-Mail Tools of Style Exploring the Style of a Passage Exploring the Style of an Essay or a Speech Rick Reilly, The Swooshification of the World Essays for Exploration Ellen Goodman, The Abiding Legacy of My Mother-the Listener Dave Barry, Growing Old with Dave Martin Luther King Jr., I Have a Dream CHAPTER 6 CRITICAL THINKING ABOUT POETRY, FICTION, AND LITERARY NONFICTION Reading and Writing about Poetry Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz The language of poetry Emily Dickinson, A narrow Fellow in the Grass Elements of poetry Diction Imagery Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar Figures of speech: metaphors, similes, and symbols Sylvia Plath, Metaphors Tone Speaker Sound patterns Structure Line breaks Reading Notebook William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Writing an Essay about a Poem Student Essay Exploring a Poem Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Poems to Consider for Writing an Essay Mary Oliver, The Summer Day Ted Kooser, Student Marge Piercy, To Be of Use Paula Sergi, Vocations Club Bruce Weigl, May James Wright, A Blessing Lucille Clifton, homage to my hips W. S. Merwin, Yesterday Reading and Writing about Fiction Stuart Dybek, Lights Stuart Dybek, Maroon Anne Caston, Flying Out with the Wounded Elements of fiction Plot and conflict Character Point of view Setting Moral issues Writing an Essay about a Story Stories to Consider for Writing an Essay Raymond Carver, Popular Mechanics Bonnie Jo Campbell, Shotgun Wedding Will Weaver, The Undeclared Major Reading and Writing about Literary Nonfiction Richard Selzer, Brute Writing about a Literary Nonfiction Essay Naomi Shihab Nye, Field Trip Annie Dillard, Living Like Weasels CHAPTER 7 LIBRARY STRATEGIES Research Writing Options The report The argument paper Modern Research Start in the Library Preliminary reading Locating your research question Strategy One: Finding Background Material General encyclopedias Specialized encyclopedias The Growth Phenomenon: A Research Problem Critical thinking in a research notebook Keeping Notes Strategy Two: Looking for Books The library catalog Online databases for book lists Strategy Three: Looking for Articles Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature Newspaper online archives Searching databases To use popular sources or not Divide your work into steps or phases Look for the most recent sources first Professional, technical, and specialty journals Strategy Four: Looking for Specialized Information Government documents, statistics, reports Biographical sources Book reviews Strategy Five: Using Electronic Sources and Microform Readers Microform Readers Strategy Six: Using Interviews CHAPTER 8 EVALUATING EVIDENCE The Wikipedia Dilemma Scott Jaschik, A Stand Against Wikipedia T. Mills Kelly, Why I Won't Get Hired at Middlebury Research and the Internet What Is a Reliable Site? Evaluating Web sites Criteria for Web sites Who Is the Author? Identifying authors Watch Out for False Authorities Authority Questionable Ethos Daniel Carlat, Generic Smear Campaign Reliable Information: On the Web and Off Context Timely data Documentation and credibility Hoaxes and frauds Understanding Evidence Claim Persuasion Questioning evidence primary and secondary evidence The weight of evidence Magazines and journals What are professional journals? Researchers' rule Best sources of evidence Remaining impartial Information without Attribution Evaluating statistical data Going Beyond the Information Given Nicholas D. Kristof, Save the Darfur Puppy Exploring an Article by Doing Research from It Lori Aratani, Teens Can Multitask, But What Are Costs? Daniel Goleman, Flame First, Think Later: New Clues to E-Mail Misbehavior Gardiner Harris, F.D.A. Dismisses Medical Benefit From Marijuana CHAPTER 9 DOCUMENTATION Using Sources Citing information from sources Using Direct Quotes How to cite long quotes Using an ellipsis mark to indicate omission of words Using brackets to add your own words in a quote Using sic to indicate errors in quotes When it is appropriate to use direct quotes Using signal phrases with direct quotes Plagiarism, Summarizing and Paraphrasing Leonard Pitts Jr., Chris Cecil, Plagiarism Gets You Fired Common knowledge MLA Style: InText Rules Using author's name and signal phrase Using author's name in parentheses Using sources with two or three authors Using sources with for four or more authors Using a committee or group author Using authors with the same last name Using an unknown author Using a source quoted in another source Using shortened titles Using a web source with no page numbers Using a source that is one page Citing page numbers Using works with numbered sections or lines Using publishers' names Using copyright date Using content notes Basic Work Cited Model, Book (MLA) Basic Work Cited Model, Periodical (MLA) Books: MLA Works Cited Models One author More than one book by same author Author of one book, coauthor of another Committee or group author Book with editor(s) Article or chapter in an edited work Translation Multi-volume work Reprint of older work Publisher imprint Edition Introduction, preface, foreword Bible, sacred works Dictionary Specialized encyclopedia Periodicals: MLA Works Cited Models Weekly magazine article Magazine article, no author given Monthly magazine article Newspaper article Newspaper article, unsigned Editorial Letter to the editor in magazine or newspaper Book review Film review Music review Journal article, each issue starting with page 1 Journal article, pages numbered continuously throughout year Titles and quotes within titles Other Sources: MLA Works Cited Models Handout or unpublished essay Lecture, speech, public address Film Video recording: television or film Play, performance Musical performance Musical composition Musical recording Individual selection from a recording Television show Work of art Poem published separately Poem in a collection Letter, personal Letter(s), published Personal interview Telephone interview Published interview A chart, diagram, map, or table A cartoon An advertisement Electronic Sources: MLA Works Cited Models Article from an online magazine Article from an online newspaper Article from an online journal An entire web site Chapter or section from a web site Article from a web site E-Mail Online book Part of an online book Online government publication CD-ROM Work from an online database Weblog site Weblog entry APA Style: Name and Date Method of Documentation Guidelines for References in Your Text: APA Style Using author's name Using sources with two authors Using sources with three to five authors Using sources with six or more authors Using an unknown author Using a committee or group with a long name Using two authors with same last name Using same author, same year Using multiple references Using a source quoted in another source Using a long quote References List in APA Style Basic Reference Form, Book (APA) Basic Reference Form, Periodicals (APA) Books: Reference List Models, APA Style One author More than one book by same author Author of one book, coauthor of another Two or more authors Committee or group author Book with editor(s) Article or chapter in an edited work Translation Multivolume work Reprint of older work Edition other than the first Introduction, preface, foreword Dictionary Periodicals: Reference List Models, APA Style Weekly magazine article Magazine article, no author given Monthly magazine article Newspaper article Newspaper article, unsigned Editorial, signed and unsigned Letter to the editor Book review Film review Music review Journal article, each issue starting with page 1 Journal article, pages numbered continuously throughout year Other Sources:Reference List Models, APA Style Lecture, speech, public address Motion picture: film, video, or DVD Television broadcast Play, performance Individual selection from a recording Work of art A chart, diagram, map, or table Electronic Sources: Reference List Models, APA Style Internet articles based on a print source Article from a journal, print source Article from an online journal, no print source Article from a magazine Article from an online newspaper Online book Online government publication Work from an online database Weblog entry CHAPTER 10 WRITING YOUR RESEARCH PAPER Researchers as Writers Writing a Report A model report Organizing informational reports Writing an Argument Paper Shaping your thesis Discovering order Working through your project Understanding audience Controlling your voice Taking your time Substantiating your data The Formal Outline Revising the preliminary outline The Formal Outline Model The Abstract Using What You Have Learned in Earlier Chapters Works Cited or References The bibliography rule A Model Argument Paper MLA Guidelines for Manuscript Format APA Guidelines for Manuscript Format Model Research Paper Using APA Style A CONCISE HANDBOOK ON GRAMMAR, MECHANICS, AND USAGE Sentences Punctuation Mechanics Glossary of Usage CREDITS INDEX

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