Overview

Deterioration in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with day-to-day functioning is referred to as dementia in general. It is a collection of symptoms marked by a loss of language, logic, judgment, memory, and other cognitive abilities rather than a specific disease. Most cases of dementia are brought on by brain cell destruction, which can be brought on by a number of illnesses or traumas. These are a few prevalent forms of dementia: - Alzheimer's illness With Alzheimer's accounting for 60-80% of cases, dementia is most frequently caused by this illness. The formation of aberrant protein deposits in the brain, known as plaques and tangles, is a characteristic of this progressive neurodegenerative illness. Alzheimer's disease eventually makes it difficult to perform daily duties since it progressively deteriorates thinking, memory, and conduct. - Vascular Dementia: This condition is brought on by a major decrease in blood supply to the brain, which deprives brain cells of nutrition and oxygen. Small artery disease, stroke, and other disorders that harm the blood vessels in the brain can cause this. The second most common type of dementia is vascular dementia, which is characterized by a deterioration in cognitive function and frequently manifests as difficulties walking and moving. - Lewy body dementia (LBD): Known as such because of aberrant protein deposits in the brain called Lewy bodies, LBD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases share some symptoms with Lewy bodies disease (LBD), such as visual hallucinations, erratic alertness, and motor symptoms like stiffness and tremors. - Frontotemporal dementia (FTD): This category of illnesses is defined by a steady deterioration of the brain's frontal and temporal lobes. These domains are in charge of language, behavior, and personality. Compared to other types of dementia, FTD usually affects younger people and can cause alterations in behavior, personality, and language skills. - Mixed Dementia: A combination of two or more dementia types that manifest in the brain at the same time is referred to as mixed dementia. For instance, a person may suffer from both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Particularly in older adults, mixed dementia is prevalent and can manifest with a mix of symptoms from each type of dementia. - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD): An aberrant prion protein is the cause of this rare, degenerative, and deadly brain disease. It causes memory loss, personality changes, movement issues, and a sharp decline in cognitive function. Rapid progression of CJD frequently results in death several months to a year after the onset of symptoms. There are other, less frequent causes of dementia in addition to these few most prevalent kinds. To give dementia patients the best care and support possible, early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential.

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