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This is a concise assessment of the adverse effects on human health caused by exposure to quartz, the most common form of crystalline silica. Quartz is a frequently occurring solid component of most natural mineral dusts. Human exposure occurs most often during occupational activities involving movement of earth, disturbance of silica-containing products, such as masonry and concrete, or use or manufacture of silica-containing products. As respirable quartz dust particles can be inhaled and deposited in the lung, the report gives particular attention to evidence of an increased risk of lung cancer in occupationally exposed workers. Most studies in laboratory animals have concentrated on adverse effects associated with long-term inhalation of particles. Effects observed included cellular proliferation, nodule formation, suppressed immune function, and alveolar proteinosis. While exposure clearly induces pulmonary tumours in one species, other species show less or no malignant tumour response.

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