Awards

• Winner of Sally Hacker Prize 1999

Overview

"On December 16, 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, physicists at Bell Laboratories, jabbed two electrodes into a sliver of germanium. The power flowing from the germanium far exceeded what went in; in that moment the transistor was invented and the Information Age was born. No other devices have been as crucial to modern life as the transistor and the microchip it spawned, but the story of the science and personalities that made these inventions possible has not been fully told until now. Crystal Fire fills this gap and carries the story forward. William Shockley, Bell Labs' team leader and co-recipient of the Nobel Prize with Brattain and Bardeen for the discovery, grew obsessed with the transistor and went on to become the father of Silicon Valley. Here is a deeply human story about the process of invention - including the competition and economic aspirations involved - all part of the greatest technological explosion in history.The intriguing history of the transistor - its inventors, physics, and stunning impact on society and the economy - unfolds here in a richly told tale.""-Science News ""Thoroughly accessible to lay readers as well as the techno-savvy. . . . [A] fine book.""-Publishers Weekly"

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9780393318517

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Reviews

This attempt to dramatize the events leading up to and following the invention of the transistor is mired down in scientific detail. Riordan (The Hunting of the Quark, 1987, etc.) and Hoddeson (History/Univ. of Illinois) attempt to flesh out the labors of the three Bell Laboratories scientists involved in the research (William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain) by placing their invention in the Modernist, relativist tradition descending from Einstein. The coauthors do a fine job of making understandable to the lay reader just what a transistor does: It takes the energy that goes into it and magnifies it hundreds or thousands of times before transmitting it. However, both historically and narratively, the transistor's inventors are overshadowed by events of the era, which included WW II and the Korean War (even when they were awarded the Nobel Prize for their invention in 1956, their fame swiftly faded because of events in Hungary and the Middle East). When, finally, near the end of the book, we get a glimpse of the true personalities of the trio, they are nearly impossible to like: Shockley espoused racist views based on notions of a link between heredity, race, and intelligence; and a misanthropic Brattain is quoted as saying in 1980, The only regret I have about the transistor is its use for rock and roll music. . . . I still have my rifle and sometimes when I hear that noise, I think I could shoot them all. Some final comments about the place of the transistor in the eventual development of the microchip and the computer are thought-provoking. But lacking human interest, Crystal Fire is likely to appeal only to scientists and tech-heads. (Kirkus Reviews)

Author Information

Stanford University physicist Michael Riordan has written several popular books on science and technology. He lives in Santa Cruz, California. Lillian Hoddeson is an historian at the University of Illinois and lives in Urbana. Research for Crystal Fire was sponsored by the Sloan Foundation.

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