Overview

Cluster science studies the transition from atomic, and molecular physics or chemistry to the science and technology of condensed matter. Two main topics from this large field will be emphasized in this second volume of Atomic and Molecular Clusters. After an Introduction, Chap. 2 deals mainly with molecular clusters, how they react to positive or negative charges (Sect. 2.1 to 2.5), how they decompose and how they can be charged (Sect. 2.6 and 2.7), and how one can do chemistry with them (2.8 and 2.9). Clusters in contact with a macroscopic medium are treated in Chap. 3. It is from this domain that one can expect possible new applications of cluster science. The optical spectra of silver clusters in a dielectric medium are discussed in Sect. 3.1. Their properties have since long been used unknowingly to stain glass windows. Large clusters floating in an ambient pressure gas are called aerosols (Sect. 3.2). Their properties can be used to monitor air pollution. Development of a photographic film is due to supported silver clusters in a liquid environment (Sect. 3.3). Large semiconductor clusters, also called quantum dots , have novel optical and electronic properties (Sect. 3.4). The optical properties of large clusters, in general, are reviewed in Sect. 3.5, and properties of clusters supported on clean surfaces are discussed in Sect. 3.6.

Full Product Details

Author:   Hellmut Haberland
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Volume:   v. 56
Weight:   0.765kg
ISBN:  

9783540569589

ISBN 10:   3540569588
Pages:   432
Publication Date:   26 August 1994
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Historical Application of Metal Clusters.- 1.2 Outlook.- Reference.- 2 Solvation, Chemistry, and Charging of Free Clusters.- 2.1 Solvated Atoms in Polar Solvents.- 2.1.1 Introduction.- 2.1.2 Experimental.- 2.1.3 Ionisation Potentials.- 2.1.4 Further Spectroscopic Studies.- References.- 2.2 IR Spectroscopy of Solvated Molecules.- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 Solvation Studies.- 2.2.3 Computer Simulations.- 2.2.4 Complex Forming Reactions on the Surface and in the Interior of a Cluster.- 2.2.5 Recent Experimental Results.- References.- 2.3 IR Spectroscopy of Hydrogen Bonded Charged Clusters.- 2.3.1 General Background and Motivation.- 2.3.2 Some Previous Studies.- 2.3.3 Consequence Spectroscopy of Charged Clusters.- 2.3.4 Basic Principles of the Experiment.- 2.3.5 Typical Results and Interpretations.- 2.3.6 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2.4 Solvated Cluster Ions.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Experimental Techniques.- 2.4.3 Reactions Influenced by Solvation.- 2.4.4 Solvation Phenomena.- 2.4.5 Photodissociation Experiments of Solvated Cluster Ions.- 2.4.6 Recent Developments.- References.- 2.5 Solvated Electron Clusters.- 2.5.1 Introduction.- 2.5.2 Case Studies.- 2.5.3 Outlook.- 2.5.4 Recent Developments.- References.- 2.6 Internal Reactions and Metastable Dissociations after Ionization of van der Waals Clusters.- 2.6.1 Introduction.- 2.6.2 Ionization Mechanisms and Processes.- 2.6.3 Ionization Efficiency.- 2.6.4 Post Collision Internal Reactions.- 2.6.5 Metastable Dissociations.- 2.6.6 Recent Developments.- References.- 2.7 Multiply Charged Clusters.- 2.7.1 Introduction.- 2.7.2 Formation of Multiply Charged Clusters.- 2.7.3 Stability and Fragmentation of Multiply Charged Clusters.- 2.7.4 Outlook.- 2.7.5 Recent Developments.- References.- 2.8 Chemistry with Neutral Metal Clusters.- 2.8.1 Introduction - Clusters and Heterogeneous Catalysis.- 2.8.2 Experimental.- 2.8.3 Adsorbate Uptake - The Path to Coverage.- 2.8.4 Kinetics - Strong Cluster Size Dependence and the Approach to Bulk.- 2.8.5 Equilibrium - The Thermodynamics of Adsorbate Binding.- 2.8.6 Saturated Compositions - The Number and Nature of Adsorption Sites.- 2.8.7 Chemical Probes of Metal Cluster Structure.- 2.8.8 Chemistry on Clusters - Adsorbate Decomposition.- 2.8.9 Future Prospects.- 2.8.10 Recent Developments.- References.- 2.9 Chemistry with Cluster Ions.- 2.9.1 Introduction.- 2.9.2 Experimental Methods.- 2.9.3 Comparison of Ion and Neutral Cluster Reactivity.- 2.9.4 Boron Cluster Ions: A Case Study with Ion Beams.- 2.9.5 Chemistry Studies with ICR Methods.- 2.9.6 Chemical Identification of Isomers.- 2.9.7 Future Directions.- 2.9.8 Recent Developments.- References.- 3 Embedded, Supported, and Compressed Clusters.- 3.1 Optical Properties of Silver Clusters in Dielectric Matrices.- 3.1.1 Introduction.- 3.1.2 Optical Absorption of Colloids.- 3.1.3 Size Effect and the Influence of the Matrix.- References.- 3.2 Aerosols, Large Clusters in Gas Suspensions.- 3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2 Some Tools of Aerosol Science.- 3.2.3 Diffusion Charging of Particles.- 3.2.4 Photoelectric Charging of Particles.- 3.2.5 The Photoelectric Yield of Small Metals Particles.- 3.2.6 Adsorption of Gas Molecules at the Surface of Particles.- 3.2.7 Applications of Photoelectron Emission from Particles..- 3.2.8 X-Ray Absorption of Particles.- 3.2.9 Conclusions.- 3.2.10 Recent Developments.- References.- 3.3 Metal Clusters in a Liquid Environment Photographic Development.- 3.3.1 Introduction.- 3.3.2 Synthesis.- 3.3.3 Physical Properties.- 3.3.4 Chemical Properties.- 3.3.5 Photographic Development.- 3.3.6 Conclusion.- 3.3.7 Recent Developments.- References.- 3.4 Larger Semiconductor Clusters ( Quantum Dots ).- 3.4.1 Introduction.- 3.4.2 Elementary Theory.- 3.4.3 Summary.- References.- 3.5 Electromagnetic Excitations of Large Clusters.- 3.5.1 Introduction.- 3.5.2 Extinction of Radiation by Single Particles.- 3.5.3 Discussion of Optical Properties of Isolated Clusters.- 3.5.4 Intrinsic Optical Cluster Size Effects.- 3.5.5 Optical Properties of Cluster Matter.- 3.5.6 Appendix: Computer Program of the Mie Theory.- References.- 3.6 Supported Clusters.- 3.6.1 Introduction.- 3.6.2 Preparation of Supported Clusters.- 3.6.3 Cluster Growth.- 3.6.4 Band Structure of Clusters.- 3.6.5 Core Electron Spectra.- 3.6.6 Other Types of Measurement.- 3.6.7 Metal-Insulator Transition.- 3.6.8 Prospects for the Future.- 3.6.9 Conclusion.- References.- 3.7 Nanocrystalline Materials.- 3.7.1 Introduction.- 3.7.2 Basic Ideas.- 3.7.3 Preparation and Characterization.- 3.7.4 Structural Studies.- 3.7.5 Properties.- 3.7.6 Multiphase Nanocrystalline Materials.- 3.7.7 Prospects.- References.- Subject Index of Volume 52.

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