Overview

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic autoimmune disease affecting the spinal joints and adjacent soft tissues. It occurs in young people and is predominantly male. Genetic and environmental factors are suspected in the genesis of the disease, notably vitamin D, its receptor (VDR) and HLAB27.Clinical course and prognosis depend on the age of onset, with late onset characterized by markedly elevated biological parameters and severe disease, compared to early onset.Gender differences in clinical manifestations may be attributable to varying combinations of certain genetic haplotypes. In addition, patients frequently present with extra-articular manifestations (EAM), which are important elements for an appropriate diagnosis. These include uveitis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where it is present in around 2-9% of cases, and psoriasis.

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