Overview

Varicose veins are visible surface manifestations of an underlying venous insufficiency syndrome. Venous blood escapes from a normal path and circulates in a retrograde manner in an already congested leg. These are abnormally swollen (dilated) and tortuous (twisted) veins, usually situated quite near the surface and visible beneath the skin. Vein size can vary from quite small (2-3 mm across) to very large (2-3 cm across). Varicose veins may occur anywhere in the body, but they are most often located in the legs. These veins in the leg may be superficial or deep. They are usually bilateral, affecting both legs (75-76%), and when unilateral, they are detected with the same frequency on each leg.Understanding varicose veins mean understanding the complex system of veins that make up our legs. Our legs are comprised of a network of veins that are similar to branches on a tree. They contain large or major veins and increasingly smaller veins. The veins of the leg are divided into superficial and deep vein systems. From the venules to the pelvic veins, the veins contain valves that can resist gravitational and muscular pressure and direct the blood flow toward the heart. Venous disease (also called venous insufficiency or venous reflux) occurs if these valves become damaged, allowing the backward flow of blood in the legs. Because gravity works on the legs more than on other parts of the body, these vein walls are under tremendous pressure. When blood cannot be properly returned through the vein, it can pool, leading to a feeling of heaviness and fatigue and causing varicose veins and other skin changes. Over time, this increased pressure can cause additional valves to fail. If left untreated, it can lead to leg pain, swelling, ulcers, and other health problems.

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