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Introduction Shaka Zulu initiated many Military, Social, Cultural and Political reforms, forming a well-organized and Centralized Zulu State. The most important reforms involved the transformation of the Army, thanks to innovative tactics and weapons he conceived. Zimbabwe, officially theRepublic of Zimbabwe, is a landlockedSovereign Statelocated inSouthern Africa, between theZambeziandLimpopo Rivers. It BordersSouth Africato the South, Botswanato the West, Zambiato the Northwest, andMozambiqueto the East and Northeast. The Capital and largest City isHarare. Since the 11th Century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organized States and Kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and Trade. TheBritish South Africa CompanyofCecil Rhodesfirst demarcated the present Territory during the 1890s; it became theself-GoverningBritish Colony ofSouthern Rhodesiain 1923. In 1965, the conservativeWhiteminority Governmentunilaterally declared IndependenceasRhodesia. The State endured International isolation and a 15-yearGuerrilla WarwithBlack NationalistForces; this culminated in aPeace agreement that established universal enfranchisement andde jureSovereignty in April 1980. The Country then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations(later suspended in 2003), and became a member of theUnited Nationsand theSouthern African Development Community(SADC). An ethnically diverse Country of roughly 13 million people, Zimbabwe has 16official languages, withEnglish, Shona, andNdebelethe most commonly used. Zimbabwe was formerly known asSouthern Rhodesia(1898), Rhodesia(1965), andZimbabwe Rhodesia(1979). The first recorded use of Zimbabwe as a term of National reference was in 1960, when it was coined by the Black nationalist Michael Mawema, whose Zimbabwe National Party became the first to officially use the name in 1961. (*)

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