Overview

The foremost tutorial resource on the design of integrated voltage references, from theory to real-life practice. Voltage References covers the conceptual history and scope of practical design issues behind marketable and precision integrated voltage references. Effectual for professionals and understandable to novice designers, this book provides a familiarity with simple rudimentary design as well as precision state-of-the-art ones. Also covered are the design implications on SOC solutions, and low-voltage, low-power, and noisy mixed-signal environments. Enhanced with design examples, this volume will increase the reader's understanding of analog integrated circuits and the issues involved in producing commercially marketable and reliable devices. Primary topics include: The complete design of integrated voltage references Basics of voltage references, from diodes and current mirrors to temperature-dependent current references Design of zero-order, first-order, second-order, and higher-order reference circuits State-of-the-art curvature-correction techniques Practical design issues of integrated references, from error sources and circuit topologies to trimming circuits, package-shift effects, and characterization Voltage References is an essential book for IC designers, product engineers, test engineers, researchers, and professors, as well as undergraduate and graduate students.

Full Product Details

Author:   Gabriel Alfonso Rincon-Mora (Texas Instruments)
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   Wiley-IEEE Press
Dimensions:   Width: 15.30cm , Height: 1.20cm , Length: 23.00cm
Weight:   0.307kg
ISBN:  

9780471143369

ISBN 10:   0471143367
Pages:   192
Publication Date:   31 October 2001
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

PREFACE xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xlii LIST OF TABLES xv LIST OF FIGURES xvii SUMMARY xxi 1 THE BASICS 1 1.1 The Diode 4 1.1.1 Breakdown Region 6 1.1.2 Forward-Biased Region 7 1.2 Current Mirrors 8 1.2.1 The Simple Mirror 10 1.2.2 Cascode Mirrors 11 1.2.3 Regulated Cascode Mirrors 13 1.3 Summary 16 Appendix A.I Temperature Dependence of the Diode Voltage 16 Bibliography 20 2 CURRENT REFERENCES 23 2.1 PTAT Current References 24 2.1.1 Bipolar Implementations 24 2.1.2 CMOS Implementations 26 2.2 Startup Circuits and Frequency Compensation 29 2.2.1 Continuous-Conduction Startup Circuits 29 2.2.2 State-Dependent Startup Circuits 30 2.2.3 Frequency Compensation 33 2.3 CTAT Current References 34 2.4 Temperature-Independent Current References 35 2.5 PTAT2 Current Generators 36 2.5.1 Bipolar Implementations 36 2.5.2 CMOS Implementations 37 2.6 Summary 42 Bibliography 43 3 VOLTAGE REFERENCES 45 3.1 Zero-Order References 46 3.1.1 Forward-Biased Diode References 46 3.1.2 Zener References 50 3.2 First-Order References 50 3.2.1 Forward-Biased Diode References 50 3.2.2 Zener References 53 3.3 Second-Order References (Curvature Correction) 57 3.4 State-of-the-Art Curvature-Correction Techniques 61 3.4.1 Temperature-Dependent Resistor Ratio 61 3.4.2 Diode Loop 62 3.4.3 j8 Compensation  64 3.4.4 Piecewise-Linear Current-Mode Technique 65 3.4.5 Matched-Nonlinear Correction 67 3.4.6 Exact Method 71 3.5 Summary 76 Bibliography 77 4 DESIGNING PRECISION REFERENCE CIRCUITS 79 4.1 Error Sources 80 4.1.1 Qualitative Effects 81 4.2 The Output Stage 87 4.2.1 Voltage-Mode 88 4.2.2 Current-Mode 89 4.2.3 Mixed-Mode 90 4.2.4 Regulated versus Unregulated References 91 4.3 Designing for Power Supply Rejection and Line Regulation 99 4.3.1 Cascodes 99 4.3.2 Pseudo-Power Supply 101 4.4 Summary 108 Appendix A.4 Error Sources in a Typical First-Order Bandgap 108 Appendix B.4 Effect of the Resistors' Temperature Coefficient on a Reference with a Current-Mode Output Stage 116 Bibliography 118 5 CONSIDERING THE SYSTEM AND THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT 119 5.1 Design of the Trim Network 120 5.1.1 Trim Range 121 5.1.2 Trimming Techniques 124 5.2 Package-Shift Effects 130 5.3 System-Related Issues 134 5.3.1 Circuit Implications 134 5.3.2 Layout Implications 135 5.4 Characterization 138 5.5 Summary 142 Appendix A.5 Bandgap Trimming Procedure for a Mixed-Mode (Both Voltage-Mode and Current-Mode) Output Stage 143 Appendix B.5 Package Shift-Effects in Bandgap Reference Circuits 148 Appendix C.5 Derivation of the Time Required for a Reference Circuit to Change a Finite Amount upon a Single-Step Stimulus 153 Bibliography 155 INDEX 157 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 167

Reviews

...a valuable guide to the design of voltage references. (Choice, Vol. 39, No. 8, April 2002)

Author Information

GABRIEL ALFONSO RINCÓN-MORA, PhD, is Adjunct Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and a senior designer for Texas Instruments, Inc. He is the author of several journal publications, the inventor of numerous patents, and the designer of many products sold throughout the world.

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