Overview

The advent of complex intelligent structures and low-voltage electronic installations within buildings requires increasingly sophisticated lightning protections techniques. As a multimedia book, Understanding Lightning and Lightning Protection is a unique, interactive self-teaching tool that provides an in-depth understanding of lightning protection. Understanding Lightning and Lightning Protection helps the reader to understand the propagation of waves within complex intelligent structures within buildings, and the operation of systems designed to protect these structures. It also comments on proper human behaviour during a lightning thunderstorm. Accompanied by a web-based animation program http://www.wiley.com/go/horvath Shows the fundamental processes of the lightning phenomenon, and helps the reader to understand the measures of protection against lightning damage. Offers a new theory and calculation method to estimate the efficiency of lightning air termination systems, which helps to evaluate the residual risk of the lightning protection system. Examines the propogation of waves and the associated protection of intelligent systems against lightning electromagnetic impulses. This interactive teaching tool is designed for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrical engineering, construction, physics and meteorology. It will also provide a valuable resource for practitioners within electric power distribution, electronics, informatics & construction safety.

Full Product Details

Author:   Tibor Horváth (Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Hungary)
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Dimensions:   Width: 15.20cm , Height: 1.30cm , Length: 22.90cm
Weight:   0.318kg
ISBN:  

9780470030189

ISBN 10:   0470030186
Pages:   224
Publication Date:   21 April 2006
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
The supplier is temporarily out of stock of this item. It will be ordered for you on backorder and shipped when it becomes available.

Table of Contents

CHAPTERS and subsections Comment Page PREFACE xi INTRODUCTION 1 Guide to use the program 1 1. CLOUD, CYCLONE AND FRONTS 1-0 3 Development of a cloud 1-1 3 Growth of a thunderstorm cloud 1-5 4 Development of a cyclone 1-13 6 Warm and cold fronts 1-21 7 Distribution of thunderstorms 1-25 7 2. ELECTRIC CHARGES IN CLOUDS 2-0 9 Processes of charge separation 2-1 9 Charging process in the liquid phase 2-1 9 Charging process during freezing 2-8 10 Final distribution of charges 2-14 11 Static electric field 2-16 11 Relation to the ionosphere 2-17 12 3. DISCHARGE PROCESSES IN AIR 3-0 13 Photon processes 3-1 13 Excitation by photon 3-2 13 Ionisation and absorption 3-3 14 Recombination 3-4 14 Electron collisions 3-6 14 Excitation by electron 3-9 15 Ionisation by collision 3-10 15 Discharges 3-11 15 Electron avalanche 3-11 15 Streamer discharge 3-18 16 Klydonograph 3-22 17 Leader discharge 3-25 17 4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIGHTNING FLASH 4-0 19 Start on drops in the cloud 4-1 19 From leader to main stroke 4-5 20 Multiple stroke 4-13 21 CHAPTERS and subsections Comment Page Upward leader 4-16 22 The Boys-camera: Principle and construction 4-22 23 The Boys-camera: Operation 4-27 24 Boys-record of ideal lightning 4-30 24 Real Boys-records 4-36 25 5. PHYSICS OF THE LIGHTNING DISCHARGE 5-0 27 Properties of a downward leader 5-1 27 Condition of connecting leader 5-5 28 Striking process 5-11 29 Development of main stroke 5-13 29 Multiple and upward stroke 5-15 30 The current wave 5-19 30 Lightning parameters 5-24 31 Distribution functions 5-28 32 6. CURIOUS LIGHTNING PHENOMENA 6-0 35 Properties of ball lightning 6-1 35 Ball lightning-theories 6-7 37 Resonance theory 6-10 37 Quantum-theory 6-11 38 Theory of magnetic vortex 6-12 38 Photos of ball lightning 6-18 39 Beaded lightning 6-23 40 Stroke from clear sky 6-28 41 Discharge to the ionosphere 6-31 41 7. INDUCED VOLTAGE 7-0 43 Ampère’s law 7-1 43 Rectangular loop + infinite conductor 7-5 44 Rectangular loop + cut conductor 7-8 44 Reduction to basic components 7-10 44 Triangular loop 7-13 45 Polygonal loop 7-16 45 Induced voltage due to direct stroke 7-18 46 Induced current due to direct stroke 7-23 46 Induced voltage due to distant stroke 7-28 47 Induced current due to distant stroke 7-35 48 8. DYNAMIC FORCES DUE TO LIGHTNING 8-0 51 Parallel wires 8-1 51 Force due to lightning on a rod struck at the top 8-8 52 Force due to lightning on a horizontal wire 8-12 53 Force due to lightning on a metal plate 8-15 53 Force of leaded current at inversion of wire 8-18 54 CHAPTERS and subsections Comment Page Force of leaded current on a tube 8-20 54 Dynamic force on a console 8-22 54 Slit effect 8-27 55 Damage on tree 8-32 56 9. HEAT EFFECTS ON METAL OBJECTS 9-0 59 Heating a metal plate 9-1 59 Change of temperature in a metal plate 9-4 60 Equations of melting a metal plate 9-9 61 Crater and droplets 9-15 62 Melting a wire at contact spot 9-18 62 Melting a wire leading current 9-22 63 Probability of melting 9-30 64 10. LIGHTNING ATTACHMENT 10-0 67 Point of orientation 10-1 67 The striking distance 10-5 68 Distribution and density functions 10-7 68 The expected frequency of stroke 10-10 69 The principle of calculation 10-10 69 Collection space 10-17 70 11. COLLECTION SPACES OF STRUCTURES 11-0 73 The principle of collection space 11-1 73 Dividing the collection space 11-3 74 Two conductors 11-6 74 Lightning rod on tower 11-9 75 Air terminations of block-house 11-13 75 The collection space of one mesh 11-25 77 12. PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON FLAT ROOF 12-0 79 Air termination systems on blockhouse 12-1 79 Diagrams related to several air terminations 12-4 80 Application of rolling sphere method 12-8 81 13. PROTECTION OF INCLINED ROOF 13-0 83 Types of air termination systems 13-1 83 Attraction of roof and eaves 13-6 84 Effect of electrodes on eaves 13-11 85 Effect of electrodes on the edges 13-15 85 Attraction of unprotected edges 13-23 87 Stroke-free period 13-26 87 14. RESIDUAL RISK OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION 14-0 89 The flow diagram 14-1 89 Equivalent area of a structure 14-2 89 Cases of the point of strike 14-11 91 Cases of damaging stroke 14-18 92 Intercepted stroke 14-19 92 CHAPTERS and subsections Comment Page Striking the roof 14-23 93 Calculation of risk 14-27 94 Weighting the consequences 14-28 95 Resulting damage 14-38 97 Resulting frequency of weighted damage 14-40 97 Resulting risk 14-44 98 15. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES 15-0 101 Classes of structures 15-1 101 Height and surroundings 15-12 103 High surroundings 15-13 103 Increased danger of stroke 15-18 104 Classes according to height 15-26 106 Effect of the soil profile 15-27 106 The materials of roof 15-31 107 Further classifications 15-37 108 16. AIR TERMINATION SYSTEMS 16-0 111 Level of risk and protection 16-1 111 Construction methods 16-3 111 Protective angle 16-3 111 Rolling sphere 16-7 112 Mesh size 16-9 112 Degrees of Hungarian standard 16-12 113 Natural air termination 16-13 113 Simplified air termination 16-17 114 Data of higher degrees 16-19 114 Distance to the structure 16-21 115 Forms of air terminations 16-28 116 17. DOWN CONDUCTORS AND METAL OBJECTS 17-0 119 Down conductors 17-1 119 Calculation of current paths 17-1 119 Example of current path 17-9 120 Positioning along the perimeter 17-15 121 Degrees of down conductors 17-17 121 Forms of down conductors 17-22 122 Vertical metal structures 17-26 123 Dangerous loops 17-26 123 Bonding metal structures 17-30 124 Insulating spacers 17-34 124 Elevators 17-37 125 18. EARTHING OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM 18-0 127 Degrees of earthing 18-1 127 Natural earthing 18-2 127 Simple earthing systems 18-5 128 CHAPTERS and subsections Comment Page Earthing resistance 18-10 129 Normal and enhanced systems 18-17 130 Earthing by foundation 18-22 131 Soil resistivity 18-27 132 Measurement of earthing resistance 18-30 132 Impulse earthing 18-32 132 19. LIGHTNING ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPULSE 19-0 135 Conductive coupling 19-1 135 Inductive coupling 19-3 136 Capacitive coupling 19-5 136 Distribution of current 19-7 136 Arriving current along a single line 19-10 137 Arriving current along branching line 19-15 138 Faraday holes 19-20 139 Shielded entrance 19-25 139 Shielded cable 19-30 140 Circuit of lightning 19-32 141 20. GRADED SURGE-PROTECTION 20-0 143 Operation principles 20-1 143 Three stage with resistors 20-6 144 Influence of distance between stages 20-11 145 Propagation of waves 20-19 146 Waves on devices 20-27 147 21. SURGE PROTECTION DEVICES 21-0 149 Gas filled arrester 21-1 149 Arc blowing spark gap 21-5 150 Gliding spark gap 21-9 150 Encapsulated arrester 21-13 151 Characteristics of gaps 21-18 152 The varistor 21-20 152 Characteristics of varistor 21-29 153 Types of protection devices 21-33 154 22. INTERNAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION ZONES 22-0 157 Structure of zones 22-1 157 Standardised lightning parameters 22-5 158 Networks of information systems 22-6 158 Tray configuration 22-17 160 23. CONNECTION TO ELECTRIC POWER NETWORK 23-0 161 Striking the supply line 23-1 161 Striking the air termination 23-10 162 TT system 23-17 163 Outdoor kWh box 23-22 164 CHAPTERS and subsections Comment Page 24. PROTECTION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES 24-0 167 Protection of personal computer 24-1 167 Protection of television 24-10 169 Relay station 24-16 170 25. LIGHTNING MEASUREMENT AND LOCALIZATION 25-0 171 Measuring of lightning current 25-1 171 Magnetic card 25-2 171 Magnetic link 25-5 172 Shunt resistor 25-9 172 Coil of Rogowski 25-13 173 Reflection of the current wave 25-18 174 Localising by direction finding 25-21 174 Localising by pulse arrival time 25-24 175 Lightning detection systems 25-28 175 26. THE MANKIND IN THE THUNDERSTORM 26-0 177 Danger in open air 26-1 177 Danger on or beside a tree 26-5 178 Step voltage 26-11 179 What to do outdoors? 26-14 179 Danger on a bicycle 26-18 180 Danger at a car 26-22 180 Danger at a truck 26-26 181 Danger in water 26-30 182 Danger in boats and vessels 26-34 182 REFERENCES 185 INDEX 189

Reviews

...would be used by students or as a resource for those who need to design and specify electrical protection equipment...and by anyone with an interest in lighting. (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, March/April 2007)

Author Information

Tibor Horvath is a Professor Emeritus at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. He has authored 17 books  on high voltage engineering, insulations, static electricity, measurements and testing & the history of electrotechnics, and over 120 journal articles and conference papers. He has served as president of the International Conference on Lightning Protection, and has designed lightning protection systems for many prestigious buildings including the Hungarian Parliament and the cathedral of Budapest.

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