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Author:   D.A. Bromley
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Edition:   1989 ed.
Dimensions:   Width: 15.20cm , Height: 3.80cm , Length: 22.90cm
Weight:   1.089kg
ISBN:  

9781461280453

ISBN 10:   1461280451
Pages:   727
Publication Date:   16 February 2013
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Manufactured on demand  
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Table of Contents

1. Structures of Nuclei Far From Stability.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Shapes and Structures of Nuclei: Views of a Decade Ago.- 3. Shape Coexistence in Tl-Hg-Au-Pt Nuclei.- 3.1. Even-Even Nuclei.- 3.2. Odd-A Nuclei.- 4. Spherical and Deformed Magic Numbers and Reinforcing and Switching Shell Gaps.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Nuclear-Shape Coexistence and New Regions of Very Strong Prolate Deformation Around Z = 38.- 4.3. Role of Reinforcing Proton and Neutron Shell Gaps on Competing Nuclear Shapes, Strong Deformation, and Magic Numbers.- 5. Shell Closures and “Classical” Spherical Magic Numbers Far From Stability.- 6. New Directions in Studying Nuclei Far From Stability.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. On-Line Nuclear Orientation.- 6.3. Recoil Mass Spectrometers.- 7. Other New Directions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2. Production of Nuclei Far From Stability.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Some History.- 1.2. Prerequisites for the Study of Nuclei Far From Stability.- 1.3. Heavy Ions in the Studies of Nuclei Far From Stability.- 1.4. Outline of this Chapter.- 2. Production of Nuclei Far From Stability by Complete-Fusion Reactions.- 2.1. Neutron-Deficient Nuclei.- 2.2. Separation and Identification of Complete-Fusion Reaction Products.- 2.3. New Processes and Nuclides Observed in Complete-Fusion Reactions.- 3. Production of Nuclei Far From Stability in Multinucleon Transfer Reactions.- 3.1. First Steps.- 3.2. Multinucleon Transfer Reactions and the Production of Nuclei Far From Stability.- 3.3. Separation and Identification of Nuclei Far From Stability Resulting from Multinucleon Transfers.- 3.4. New Nuclides from Multinucleon Transfer Reactions and their Properties.- 4. Projectile Fragmentation as a Method for Producing Nuclei Far From Stability.- 4.1. Relativistic Energies.- 4.2. Intermediate Energies.- 5. Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 3. Proton-Rich Light Nucle.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Techniques for the Study of Light Proton-Rich Nuclei.- 2.1. General.- 2.2. Light-Ion-Induced Reactions.- 2.3. Heavy-Ion-Induced Reactions.- 2.4. Experimental Techniques.- 3. Nuclear Masses and Stability.- 3.1. General.- 3.2. Experimental Masses of Proton-Rich Light Nuclei.- 3.3. Mass Predictions.- 3.4. Proton Drip-Line Below A= 60.- 4. Decay Modes of Proton-Rich Nuclei.- 4.1. ? Decay Far From Stability.- 4.2. ?-Delayed Particle Decay.- 4.3. ?-Delayed Two-Proton Emission.- 4.4. Search for New Nuclides via ?-Delayed Two-Proton Decay.- 4.5. Proton Radioactivity.- 4.6. Two-Proton Radioactivity.- 5. Recent Spectroscopy Above Z = 22.- 5.1. The Spectroscopy of TZ = ?½ Nuclei.- 5.2. Toward the Spectroscopy of TZ ? ? 1 Nuclei.- References.- 4. Very Neutron Rich Very Light Nucle.- 1. The Neutron Drip-Line.- 1.1. The N-Z Diagram.- 1.2. Physical Grounds for the Possible Existence of Neutron Nuclei.- 1.3. Structure of the Neutron-Stability Line.- 1.4. Light Neutron-Rich Nuclei at the Stability Line.- 2. Nuclear Reactions with Formation of Neutron-Rich Isotopes of the Lightest Elements.- 2.1. Deep-Inelastic Transfer Reactions.- 2.2. Reactions with Heavy Ions Accompanied by Emission of Fast Particles and Nuclei.- 2.3. Ternary Nuclear Fission.- 2.4. Target Fragmentation Reactions.- 2.5. Projectile Fragmentation Reactions.- 2.6. Observation of Neutron-Unstable Nuclei.- 2.7. Charge-Exchange Reactions.- 2.8. Light Nuclear Rearrangement Reactions.- 2.9. Coulomb Shock Reactions.- 3. Methods of Measurement and Identification of Neutron-Rich Light Nuclei.- 3.1. Mass Spectrometers and Magnetic Analyzers “On-Line” with Heavy-Ion Accelerators.- 3.2. Systems of ?E-E Detectors.- 3.3. Time-of-Flight Measurements.- 3.4. Detection of Nuclei Consisting Only of Neutrons.- 4. Systematics of Neutron-Rich Isotopes of the Lightest Elements.- 4.1. The N-Z Diagram in the Lightest Nuclear Region.- 4.2. Types of Nuclear Instability.- 4.3. Prediction of the Masses of the Lightest Nuclei.- 4.4. Multineutrons.- 4.5. Superheavy Isotopes of Hydrogen.- 4.6. Neutron-Rich Isotopes of Helium.- 4.7. Neutron-Rich Isotopes of Lithium.- 4.8. Neutron-Rich Isotopes of Beryllium.- 5. Some Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei.- 5.1. Stability of the Lightest Nuclei as a Function of Neutron Excess.- 5.2. Helium Anomaly.- 5.3. Dimensions of Neutron-Rich Nuclei.- 5.4. Decay Widths of the Lightest Neutron-Rich Nuclei.- 5.5. Nuclear Systems with Even Numbers of Neutrons.- 5.6. Spectroscopy of Nuclei at the Stability Line.- 5.7. Two-Nucleon Decays.- 5.8. Delayed Decays.- 6. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 5. On-Line Mass Separators.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Definition.- 1.2. The On-Line Isotope Separator Concept.- 1.3. From the First Mass Separation to Today’s Instruments.- 2. Production of Nuclei Far From Stability.- 2.1. Nuclear Reactions.- 2.2. Thermal Neutrons.- 2.3. Light Particles with Relativistic Energies.- 2.4. Heavy Ions.- 2.5. Status of Beams Available.- 3. Targets for On-Line Mass Separators.- 3.1. Release Kinetics of Nuclear Reaction Products from the Bulk Target Material.- 3.2. Containment of High-Temperature Target Materials.- 4. Ion Sources for On-Line Mass Separators.- 4.1. Performance Criteria.- 4.2. Surface Ionization Sources.- 4.3. High-Temperature Cavity Ion Sources.- 4.4. Hot Cathode Arc-Discharge Ion Sources.- 4.5. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Sources.- 4.6. Laser Resonance Photoionization Sources.- 5. On-Line Mass-Separator Systems.- 5.1. General Properties of Separators.- 5.2. Mass Spectrometers.- 5.3. Low-Current Isotope Separators.- 5.4. Medium-Current Isotope Separators.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6. On the Possible Use of Secondary Radioactive Beams.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Why and What.- 1.2. Radioactive Beams or Radioactive Targets?.- 2. Production of Beams of Radioactive Nuclei.- 2.1. General Considerations.- 2.2. Use of High-Energy Proton Reactions.- 2.3. Use of Low-Energy Heavy-Ion Reactions.- 2.4. Use of Intermediate-Energy and High-Energy Heavy-Ion Reactions.- 2.5. Storage Rings.- 3. Possible Use of Radioactive Beams.- 3.1. Properties of Exotic Nuclei.- 3.2. Nuclear Reactions with Radioactive Beams.- 4. Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 7. Nuclear Radii and Moments of Unstable Isotopes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Introduction to Isotope Shift and Hyperfine Structure in Atomic Spectra.- 2.1. The Isotope Shift.- 2.2. Atomic Hyperfine Structure.- 3. Methods of Atomic Spectroscopy Far Off Stability.- 3.1. Early and Nonoptical Experiments Off Stability.- 3.2. Radioactive Detection of Optical Pumping (RADOP).- 3.3. Principles of Laser Spectroscopy.- 3.4. Laser-Excited Fluorescence in Resonance Cells.- 3.5. Laser Spectroscopy on Collimated Atomic Beams.- 3.6. Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS).- 3.7. Collinear Laser Spectroscopy.- 3.8. Summary of Experiment.- 4. Discussion of Nuclear Moments and Radii in Extended Chains of Isotopes.- 4.1. Spins and Moments.- 4.2. Decomposition of ms Charge Radii into Volume and Shape Effect.- 4.3. The Two-Parameter Model for ?(r2) and its Relation to other Collective Observables and Gross Properties.- 4.4. Effects of Nuclear Core Polarization on the Optical Isotope Shift.- 4.5. The Exemplary Region of Rare Earths and its Neighborhood.- 4.6. The Rb Region.- 4.7. The Mercury Region and the Problem of Shape Coexistence in Near-Closed Shells.- 4.8. Parabolic Isotope Shifts and the Question of Large Core Polarization in Regions of Closed Proton Shells.- 4.9. Isotope Shifts in Very Light Nuclei.- 4.10. Isotone and Isobar Shifts and the Question of a Neutron Skin.- 4.11. Differential Isotope Shifts, Subshell Effects, and Odd-Even Staggering.- 4.12. Evidence for Octupole Shapes in the Ra Region.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 8. Cluster Radioactivities.- 2. Nuclear Stability.- 2.1. Metastability.- 2.2. Shell Model Valleys in the Potential-Energy Surfaces. Mass Distributions. Fragmentation Theory.- 2.3 Barrier Penetrability and Half-Life.- 3. Deformation Energies for Binary Systems with Charge Asymmetry Different from the Mass Asymmetry.- 3.1. Liquid Drop Model Surface Energy.- 3.2. Coulomb Energy for Various Macroscopic Models.- 3.3. Surface Energy within a Finite Range of Nuclear Forces Model.- 3.4. Yukawa + Exponential Model Surface Energy.- 3.5. Volume Energy.- 4. Computation of the Deformation-Dependent Terms of the Potential Energy.- 4.1. Reducing the Order of Integration for General Shapes.- 4.2. Davies-Sierk Method for the Coulomb Energy of Axially Symmetric Nuclei.- 4.3. Surface Energies.- 5. ?-Particle Decay as a Fissionlike Process.- 5.1. Nuclear Shape Parametrization.- 5.2. Variation of the Charge Density.- 5.3. Fission Q values.- 5.4. Shell Corrections and Barrier Shape.- 5.5. ?-Decay Lifetime of Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei.- 5.6. Transitions between Deformed Ground States and Fission Isomers in ?-Particle Decay.- 5.7. Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Study of ? Decay.- 5.8. Semiempirical Formulas for ?-Particle Decay Half-Lives.- 6. Analytical Superasymmetric Fission Models.- 6.1. Parabolic Approximation of the Interaction Potential Containing a Centrifugal Term.- 6.2. Closed Formula for the Lifetime.- 6.3. Even-Odd Effect in 14C Radioactivity.- 6.4. Branching Ratios Relative to ?-Particle Decay Estimated Using a Proximity plus Coulomb Potential.- 7. New Decay Modes Involving Spontaneous Emission of Heavy Nuclei.- 7.1. Parent Nuclides with Atomic Number Smaller than 84: Decay of “Stable” trans-Zirconium Nuclides.- 7.2. Lifetimes of trans-Lead Nuclei.- 7.3. Branching Ratios Relative to ? Decay.- 7.4. 5He and 8Be Radioactivities.- 7.5. Sn Radioactivity.- 7.6. Experimental Evidence.- 8. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.

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