Overview

This research focuses on the development of digital methodologies to identify evidence of timber supply and selection for traditional shipbuilding through the examination of the archaeological ship timbers. Traditions of archaeological ship timber recording are reviewed and developed, with particular reference to the capture of information regarding the raw material (wood) used in shipbuilding, to introduce a rigorous methodology which integrates digital three-dimensional technologies increasingly employed in maritime archaeology. This approach is showcased using case studies from the Iberian Age of Discoveries, in which the author is able to analyse assemblages of surviving ship timbers and to identify correlations between woodlands, shipyards, and shipbuilding architecture. A range of digital technologies are used to allow the recording, analysis, and interpretation of surviving wood features. Data is captured using a combination of a FaroArm digitiser with Rhinoceros3D software and multi-image photogrammetry to obtain precise and accurate information.

Full Product Details

Author:   Adolfo Miguel Martins
Publisher:   BAR Publishing
Imprint:   BAR Publishing
Volume:   3164
Dimensions:   Width: 21.00cm , Height: 0.90cm , Length: 29.70cm
Weight:   0.445kg
ISBN:  

9781407361116

ISBN 10:   1407361112
Pages:   130
Publication Date:   28 March 2024
Audience:   General/trade ,  General
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Available To Order  
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Table of Contents

List of figures List of tables List of abbreviations Note about terminology Foreword Preface Abstract Introductory text on the theme of the book 1. The development of dendroarchaeological approaches in Nautical Archaeology 1.1. The definition of Iberian ships under a dendroarchaeological approach 1.2. Analysis of Iberian shipbuilding architecture using dendroarchaeological methods 1.2.1. The 16th century Iberian shipbuilding requirements in timber supply 1.2.2. A symbiotic relationship between shipbuilders and foresters 2. The recording of wood features in different scenarios and possible outcomes 2.1. The use of 3D CAD software to reconstruct past forestry practices 2.2. Data acquisition of waterlogged timber: Controlled Environment - Laboratory 2.2.1. Laboratory cataloguing: Reconstructing trees from the Corpo Santo wood assemblage 2.3. Data acquisition from waterlogged wood: Underwater environment 2.3.1. Reconstructing trees from the submerged Highborn Cay wreck wood assemblage 2.3.2. Complementing underwater timber recording from the Bayonnaise wreck with archival investigation 2.3.3. Data acquisition from waterlogged wood: Uncontrolled open-air environment 2.4. Data acquisition from dry wood: Uncontrolled environment 2.5. Collecting data from dry wood: Controlled environment 2.5.1. Reconstruction of trees from the port planking of the Bremen cog 2.5.2. Reconstruction of trees from VOC Batavia's planking 2.6. Gathering data from published information and legacy data 2.6.1. Evaluation of drawings for wood morphology analysis of ship timbers from the Cais do Sodré wreck 2.6.2. Evaluation of photographs for wood morphology analysis of the Pepper Wreck timbers 2.7. Provisional conclusions 3. 3D Digital Reconstruction of Trees and Woodlands: Approach and Methods 3.1. Recording wood features from ship timber theory and concepts 3.2. The development of a dendroarchaeological approach to tree reconstruction: suggestions and recommendations 3.2.1. Capturing wood features using a 3D digitiser 3.2.2. Recording wood features using a photogrammetric technique 3.3. Recording wood features using hand scale drawings 4. Reconstructing trees and woodlands from archaeological timbers using the surviving ship timbers from Belinho 1 4.1. The discovery and rescue of the Belinho 1 timbers 4.2. Previous studies of the Belinho 1 find 4.3. Preliminary reports based on archival research 4.4. The study of a selection of Belinho 1 ship timber and their parent trees 4.4.1. Y-frame BEL01-001W 4.4.2. Floor timber BEL01-003W 4.4.3. Keel BEL01-071W 4.4.4. Stern knee BEL01-072W 5. How to see trees in marine wood assemblages: Three-dimensional tree reconstruction based on archaeological evidence 5.1. The theme of the book and the promised results 5.2. Different recording scenarios in maritime archaeology 5.3. The most common scenarios in maritime archaeology Experience-based recommendations and suggestions for best practice in the recording of ship timbers 5.3.1. Conclusions and suggestions on scenarios U1 and U4 5.3.2. Conclusions and suggestions on scenario U3 5.3.3. Conclusions and suggestions on scenario U1 5.3.4. Conclusions and suggestions on scenarios O1, O2 and O3 5.3.5. Conclusions and suggestions on scenario L1 5.3.6. Conclusions and suggestions on scenarios I1 and I2 5.3.7. Conclusions and suggestions on scenarios LF1, LF2 and L2 5.3.8. General recommendations 5.4. The use of Rhinoceros3D software in nautical archaeology for the recording and analysis of wooden features 5.5. A starting point and tools for its systematic use Endnotes by the author Bibliographic references Appendix 1. Contributes to the better understanding of trees' biological behaviour A1.1. Autonomous trees of the Iberian Peninsula A1.2. Brief comments on the morphology of the trees and their pattern of growth A1.2.1. Effect of soil composition on tree growth A1.2.2. External influences on tree growth A1.2.3. Trunk, order of branches, and knots A1.3. Comments on heartwood, sapwood, and bark A1.3.1. Considerations for the identification of annual rings of trees A1.4. The most commonly used tree species in shipbuilding: broadleaves and conifers A1.4.1. Broadleaves (oaks) A1.4.2. Conifers (pines) A1.5. Forest regeneration, practices, and timber conversion techniques A1.6. Forest management practices and timber supply A1.6.1. Felling trees and seasoning A1.6.2. Brief description of foresters' tools Appendix 2. Learning from previous attempts to reconstruct ship timbers as parent trees A2.1. Lessons from the Skuldelev Barrier survey for dendrochronology, wood provenance and conversion methods A2.2. Learning from Graveney Boat used methods of wood recording and wood studies A2.3. Lessons learned from the Batellerie Gallo-Romaine tree reconstruction attempts A2.4. Lessons learned from Cavalière-sur-Mer shipwreck

Reviews

"'The author underlines the significance of looking at ships and their components as ""living organisms"" (timber is indeed an organic material) by exploring their pre-maritime context. This context can bring both shipwrights and forest dwellers to the foreground, enabling archaeologists to interpret and appreciate the link between shipbuilding and raw material.' Dr Alessandro Ghidoni, University of Exeter 'The methods used are quite original and constitute a new approach in that field. The technical procedure is very precisely detailed and should be much appreciated by nautical archaeological teams aiming at following it.' Dr Frederic Guibal, Aix-Marseille Universite"

Author Information

Miguel Martins is currently a senior civil servant at the Portuguese National Centre for Nautical and Underwater Archaeology. He is also a researcher at the HTC - Centre for Functional Ecology from the University of Coimbra and teaches postgraduate courses in nautical and underwater archaeology at the Autonomous University of Lisbon and the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar.

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